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Prab at 19:39, 30 April 2023

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A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. '''Autoimmune diseases''' are a group of conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, affecting various parts of the body<ref name="NIH">{{cite web|title=Autoimmune diseases|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-diseases|publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases}}</ref>.

Normally, the [[Immune system|immune system]] can distinguish between foreign cells and its own cells. In an autoimmune disease, however, this system fails to recognize its own cells and starts attacking them as if they were foreign bodies. This can lead to inflammation and damage to various body tissues.

== Types of Autoimmune Diseases ==
There are several types of autoimmune diseases, which can be grouped by the body parts they affect. Some of the most common ones include [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Type 1 diabetes]], [[Psoriasis]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], and [[Inflammatory bowel disease]].

== Causes ==
The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but it's believed that a combination of genetics and environmental factors such as infections and exposure to chemicals or certain foods can trigger an autoimmune response<ref name="Cooper">{{cite journal|last=Cooper|first=GS|title=The environmental determinants of autoimmune disease|journal=Journal of Autoimmunity|year=2016|volume=83|pages=31–42|doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.007|pmid=27417908}}</ref>.

== Diagnosis and Treatment ==
Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases can be challenging due to the wide range of symptoms that can vary greatly from person to person. Tests such as [[Antinuclear antibody test|antinuclear antibody (ANA) test]] and [[Autoantibodies|autoantibody tests]] are often used.

Treatment aims to control the overactive immune response and bring down inflammation or reduce pain. This typically involves the use of medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immune-suppressing drugs, and physical therapy<ref name="NIH"/>.

== Research ==
Research into autoimmune diseases is ongoing, with scientists working to understand the causes and develop improved treatments. There are also numerous clinical trials in progress, looking at new ways to treat autoimmune diseases<ref name="NIH"/>.

== See Also ==
* [[List of autoimmune diseases]]
* [[Immunology]]
* [[Chronic illness]]
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Prab at 05:27, 19 March 2025

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