Aseptic meningitis - Revision history

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2025-04-04T16:53:01Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 4 April 2025
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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Aseptic meningitis
			\| image = [[File:Brain_and_Nearby_Structures.png\|250px]]
			\| caption = Diagram of the brain and nearby structures
			\| field = [[Neurology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Headache]], [[fever]], [[neck stiffness]], [[photophobia]], [[nausea]]
			\| complications = Rarely [[encephalitis]], [[seizures]]
			\| onset = Sudden
			\| duration = Usually self-limiting
			\| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[medications]], [[autoimmune disorders]]
			\| risks = [[Immunocompromised]], [[exposure to viruses]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Lumbar puncture]], [[CSF analysis]]
			\| differential = [[Bacterial meningitis]], [[encephalitis]], [[migraine]]
			\| treatment = Supportive care, [[analgesics]], [[antipyretics]]
			\| prognosis = Generally good
			\| frequency = Common
			}}
	[[Inflammation]] of the membranes surrounding the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] without a bacterial pathogen.		[[Inflammation]] of the membranes surrounding the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] without a bacterial pathogen.
	[[File:Meningitis - Lumbar puncture.jpg\|alt=Meningitis - Lumbar puncture\|thumb\|Meningitis - Lumbar puncture]]		[[File:Meningitis - Lumbar puncture.jpg\|alt=Meningitis - Lumbar puncture\|left\|thumb\|Meningitis - Lumbar puncture]]
	* [[Viral meningitis]] is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.		* [[Viral meningitis]] is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
	* It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own (without treatment).		* It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own (without treatment).
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	Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis in the United States, especially from late spring to fall.		Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis in the United States, especially from late spring to fall.
	Only a small number of people infected with enteroviruses will actually develop meningitis.		Only a small number of people infected with enteroviruses will actually develop meningitis.

	'''Viral causes include:'''		'''Viral causes include:'''
	* Other viruses that can cause meningitis are		* Other viruses that can cause meningitis are
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	* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus		* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
	There are multiple types of aseptic meningitis which are differentiated based on its cause.		There are multiple types of aseptic meningitis which are differentiated based on its cause.

	'''Atypical Bacteria'''		'''Atypical Bacteria'''
	* Lyme disease		* Lyme disease
	* Syphilis		* Syphilis
	* Leptospirosis		* Leptospirosis
	[[File:Dpk-meningitis-fungus-in-brain.jpg\|alt=Meningitis fungus in brain\|thumb\|Meningitis fungus in brain]]		[[File:Dpk-meningitis-fungus-in-brain.jpg\|alt=Meningitis fungus in brain\|left\|thumb\|Meningitis fungus in brain]]
	'''Fungi'''		'''Fungi'''
	* Cryptococcal infection		* Cryptococcal infection
	* Coccidioidal infection		* Coccidioidal infection
	Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM)		Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM)

	'''Autoimmune diseases'''		'''Autoimmune diseases'''
	* Systemic lupus erythematosus.		* Systemic lupus erythematosus.
	* Cancer-caused aseptic meningitis such as neoplastic meningitis		* Cancer-caused aseptic meningitis such as neoplastic meningitis
	* Neurosarcoidosis		* Neurosarcoidosis

	== People at Risk ==		== People at Risk ==
	* People of any age can get viral meningitis. However, some people have a higher risk of getting the disease, including:		* People of any age can get viral meningitis. However, some people have a higher risk of getting the disease, including:
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	* People with weakened immune systems caused by diseases, medications (such as chemotherapy), and recent organ or bone marrow transplantations		* People with weakened immune systems caused by diseases, medications (such as chemotherapy), and recent organ or bone marrow transplantations
	* Babies younger than 1 month old and people with weakened immune systems are also more likely to have severe illness.		* Babies younger than 1 month old and people with weakened immune systems are also more likely to have severe illness.
	[[File:FLAIR MRI of meningitis.jpg\|alt=FLAIR MRI of meningitis\|thumb\|FLAIR MRI of meningitis]]		[[File:FLAIR MRI of meningitis.jpg\|alt=FLAIR MRI of meningitis\|left\|thumb\|FLAIR MRI of meningitis]]
	== Transmission ==		== Transmission ==
	Close contacts of someone with viral meningitis can become infected with the virus that made that person sick.		Close contacts of someone with viral meningitis can become infected with the virus that made that person sick.
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	* Arboviruses, like West Nile virus		* Arboviruses, like West Nile virus
	* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus		* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	Common symptoms in babies:		Common symptoms in babies:
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	* Sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep		* Sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep
	* Lethargy (a lack of energy)		* Lethargy (a lack of energy)

	Common symptoms in children and adults:		Common symptoms in children and adults:
	* [[Fever]]		* [[Fever]]
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	* [[Loss of appetite]]		* [[Loss of appetite]]
	* [[Lethargy]] (a lack of energy)		* [[Lethargy]] (a lack of energy)

	== Course ==		== Course ==
	Most people with mild viral meningitis usually get better on their own within 7 to 10 days.		Most people with mild viral meningitis usually get better on their own within 7 to 10 days.
	Initial symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those for bacterial meningitis.		Initial symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those for bacterial meningitis.
	[[File:Brain and Nearby Structures.png\|thumb]]		[[File:Brain and Nearby Structures.png\|left\|thumb]]
	== Complications ==		== Complications ==
	* Rare complications include brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.		* Rare complications include brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
	* The pathogens (germs) that cause bacterial meningitis can also be associated with another serious illness, sepsis.		* The pathogens (germs) that cause bacterial meningitis can also be associated with another serious illness, sepsis.
	* Sepsis is the ~~body’s~~ extreme response to infection.		* Sepsis is the body‚Äôs extreme response to infection.
	* Without timely treatment, sepsis can quickly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.		* Without timely treatment, sepsis can quickly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Meningitis is diagnosed by ordering specific lab tests on specimens from a person suspected of having meningitis.		Meningitis is diagnosed by ordering specific lab tests on specimens from a person suspected of having meningitis.
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	* Taking some blood		* Taking some blood
	* [[Lumbar puncture]]		* [[Lumbar puncture]]

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	* In most cases, there is no specific treatment for viral meningitis.		* In most cases, there is no specific treatment for viral meningitis.
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	* Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.		* Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.
	* People who develop severe illness, or are at risk for developing severe illness may need care in a hospital.		* People who develop severe illness, or are at risk for developing severe illness may need care in a hospital.

	== Prevention ==		== Prevention ==
	There are no vaccines to protect against non-polio enteroviruses, which are the most common cause of viral meningitis.		There are no vaccines to protect against non-polio enteroviruses, which are the most common cause of viral meningitis.

	Some preventive measures include:		Some preventive measures include:
	* Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers or using the toilet		* Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers or using the toilet

Prab at 03:19, 29 October 2020

2020-10-29T03:19:11Z

New page

[[Inflammation]] of the membranes surrounding the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] without a bacterial pathogen.
[[File:Meningitis - Lumbar puncture.jpg|alt=Meningitis - Lumbar puncture|thumb|Meningitis - Lumbar puncture]]
* [[Viral meningitis]] is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
* It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own (without treatment).
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== Causes ==
Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis in the United States, especially from late spring to fall.
Only a small number of people infected with enteroviruses will actually develop meningitis.

'''Viral causes include:'''
* Other viruses that can cause meningitis are
* Mumps virus
* Herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex viruses, and varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox and shingles)
* Measles virus
* Influenza virus
* Arboviruses, such as West Nile virus
* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
There are multiple types of aseptic meningitis which are differentiated based on its cause.

'''Atypical Bacteria'''
* Lyme disease
* Syphilis
* Leptospirosis
[[File:Dpk-meningitis-fungus-in-brain.jpg|alt=Meningitis fungus in brain|thumb|Meningitis fungus in brain]]
'''Fungi'''
* Cryptococcal infection
* Coccidioidal infection
Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM)

'''Autoimmune diseases'''
* Systemic lupus erythematosus.
* Cancer-caused aseptic meningitis such as neoplastic meningitis
* Neurosarcoidosis

== People at Risk ==
* People of any age can get viral meningitis. However, some people have a higher risk of getting the disease, including:
* Children younger than 5 years old
* People with weakened immune systems caused by diseases, medications (such as chemotherapy), and recent organ or bone marrow transplantations
* Babies younger than 1 month old and people with weakened immune systems are also more likely to have severe illness.
[[File:FLAIR MRI of meningitis.jpg|alt=FLAIR MRI of meningitis|thumb|FLAIR MRI of meningitis]]
== Transmission ==
Close contacts of someone with viral meningitis can become infected with the virus that made that person sick.
However, these close contacts are not likely to develop meningitis.
Only a small number of people who get infected with the viruses that cause meningitis will actually develop viral meningitis.
Viruses that can cause meningitis include:
* Non-polio enteroviruses
* Mumps virus
* Herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex viruses, and varicella-zoster virus
* Measles virus
* Influenza virus
* Arboviruses, like West Nile virus
* Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

== Symptoms ==
Common symptoms in babies:
* [[Fever]]
* [[Irritability]]
* Poor eating
* Sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep
* Lethargy (a lack of energy)

Common symptoms in children and adults:
* [[Fever]]
* [[Headache]]
* [[Stiff neck]]
* [[Photophobia]]
* Sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep
* [[Nausea]]
* Irritability
* [[Vomiting]]
* [[Loss of appetite]]
* [[Lethargy]] (a lack of energy)

== Course ==
Most people with mild viral meningitis usually get better on their own within 7 to 10 days.
Initial symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those for bacterial meningitis.
[[File:Brain and Nearby Structures.png|thumb]]
== Complications ==
* Rare complications include brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
* The pathogens (germs) that cause bacterial meningitis can also be associated with another serious illness, sepsis.
* Sepsis is the body’s extreme response to infection.
* Without timely treatment, sepsis can quickly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.

== Diagnosis ==
Meningitis is diagnosed by ordering specific lab tests on specimens from a person suspected of having meningitis.
Samples are collected by:
* Swabbing your nose or throat
* Obtaining a stool sample
* Taking some blood
* [[Lumbar puncture]]

== Treatment ==
* In most cases, there is no specific treatment for viral meningitis.
* Most people who get mild viral meningitis usually recover completely in 7 to 10 days without treatment.
* Antiviral medicine may help people with meningitis caused by viruses such as [[herpesvirus]] and [[influenza]].
* Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.
* People who develop severe illness, or are at risk for developing severe illness may need care in a hospital.

== Prevention ==
There are no vaccines to protect against non-polio enteroviruses, which are the most common cause of viral meningitis.

Some preventive measures include:
* Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers or using the toilet
* Avoid close contact, such as touching and shaking hands, with people who are sick
* Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces
* Stay home when you are sick and keep sick children out of school
* Vaccines can protect against some diseases, such as measles, mumps, chickenpox, and influenza, which can lead to viral meningitis.
* Make sure you and your child are vaccinated on schedule.
* Avoid bites from mosquitoes and other insects that carry diseases that can infect humans.
* Control mice and rats.
If you have a rodent in or around your home, follow appropriate cleaning and control precautions.
{{stub}}
{{Diseases of meninges}}
[[Category:Meningitis]]
[[Category:Enterovirus-associated diseases]]