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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing'''<br />
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[[File:Antibiotic sensitivity test.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Antibiotic sensitivity test]]<br />
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'''Antibiotic sensitivity testing''' is a laboratory method used in [[Microbiology|microbiology]] to determine the susceptibility of [[Bacteria|bacteria]] and [[Fungi|fungi]] to [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]]. This test is crucial in clinical settings to help guide physicians in their choice of treatment for infectious diseases.<br />
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==Overview==<br />
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Antibiotic sensitivity testing, also known as '''antibiotic susceptibility testing''' (AST), is performed to identify which antibiotic will be most effective in treating a bacterial infection in vivo. The results of the test are commonly reported as 'sensitive', 'resistant' or 'intermediate'.<br />
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==Methodology==<br />
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There are several methods for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The most commonly used methods are the [[Disk diffusion test|disk diffusion test]] (Kirby-Bauer method), the [[Etest|Etest]] (or epsilometer test), and the [[Broth dilution method|broth dilution method]].<br />
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===Disk Diffusion Test===<br />
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In the disk diffusion test, a bacterial suspension is spread over the surface of a [[Agar plate|agar plate]]. Antibiotic-impregnated disks are then placed on the agar surface. After incubation, the diameter of the zone of inhibition around each disk is measured and compared with standard tables to interpret whether the organism is sensitive, resistant, or intermediate to the antibiotic.<br />
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===Etest===<br />
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The Etest is a quantitative method that provides an antibiotic concentration gradient for the determination of the [[Minimum inhibitory concentration|minimum inhibitory concentration]] (MIC).<br />
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===Broth Dilution Method===<br />
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In the broth dilution method, the MIC is determined by inoculating the organism into a series of tubes or wells containing a range of antibiotic concentrations.<br />
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==Interpretation==<br />
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The results of antibiotic sensitivity testing are interpreted using breakpoints. Breakpoints are the antibiotic concentrations at which bacteria are classified as sensitive, intermediate, or resistant.<br />
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==Clinical Significance==<br />
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Antibiotic sensitivity testing is crucial in guiding antibiotic therapy, especially in the era of increasing [[Antibiotic resistance|antibiotic resistance]]. It helps in selecting the most effective antibiotic to treat an infection and in preventing the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.<br />
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==See Also==<br />
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* [[Antimicrobial resistance]]<br />
* [[Pharmacodynamics]]<br />
* [[Pharmacokinetics]]<br />
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[[Category:Microbiology]]<br />
[[Category:Clinical laboratory testing]]<br />
[[Category:Antibiotics]]<br />
[[Category:Pharmacology]]</div>Prab