Angioedema - Revision history

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2025-04-04T13:45:00Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 4 April 2025
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	Angioedema		{{SI}}<br>
			{{Infobox medical condition
	[[File:Angioedema2010.JPG\|~~thumb~~\|Angioedema of the lips]]		\| name = Angioedema
	[[File:Angioedema2013.JPG\|thumb\|Angioedema affecting the face]]		\| image = [[File:Angioedema2010.JPG\|250px]]
			\| caption = Angioedema of the face
			\| field = [[Allergy and immunology]]
			\| synonyms = Angioneurotic edema, Quincke's edema
			\| symptoms = Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, extremities
			\| complications = [[Anaphylaxis]], [[airway obstruction]]
			\| onset = Rapid
			\| duration = Hours to days
			\| causes = [[Allergic reaction]], [[hereditary angioedema]], [[medications]]
			\| risks = Family history, certain medications
			\| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[C1 inhibitor]] level
			\| differential = [[Urticaria]], [[cellulitis]], [[contact dermatitis]]
			\| treatment = [[Antihistamines]], [[corticosteroids]], [[epinephrine]]
			\| medication = [[Icatibant]], [[C1 inhibitor concentrate]]
			\| frequency = Common
			\| deaths = Rare
			}}
			[[File:Angioedema2013.JPG\|thumb\|Angioedema affecting the face\|left]]
	[[File:Angioedema of the face.jpg\|thumb\|Severe angioedema of the face]]		[[File:Angioedema of the face.jpg\|thumb\|Severe angioedema of the face]]

	'''Angioedema''' is a medical condition characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It is similar to [[urticaria]] (hives), but angioedema occurs deeper in the skin. The swelling is often localized and can affect various parts of the body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities.		'''Angioedema''' is a medical condition characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It is similar to [[urticaria]] (hives), but angioedema occurs deeper in the skin. The swelling is often localized and can affect various parts of the body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities.

	==Etiology==		==Etiology==
	Angioedema can be classified into several types based on its etiology:		Angioedema can be classified into several types based on its etiology:

	* '''Allergic Angioedema''': This type is often associated with allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or other allergens. It is mediated by [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) and is often accompanied by urticaria.		* '''Allergic Angioedema''': This type is often associated with allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or other allergens. It is mediated by [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) and is often accompanied by urticaria.

	* '''Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)''': A rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein, leading to excessive production of bradykinin, a peptide that increases vascular permeability.		* '''Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)''': A rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein, leading to excessive production of bradykinin, a peptide that increases vascular permeability.

	* '''Acquired Angioedema''': Similar to hereditary angioedema but occurs later in life and is often associated with autoimmune diseases or lymphoproliferative disorders.		* '''Acquired Angioedema''': Similar to hereditary angioedema but occurs later in life and is often associated with autoimmune diseases or lymphoproliferative disorders.

	* '''Drug-Induced Angioedema''': Commonly associated with the use of [[angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACE inhibitors), which can increase bradykinin levels.		* '''Drug-Induced Angioedema''': Commonly associated with the use of [[angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]] (ACE inhibitors), which can increase bradykinin levels.

	* '''Idiopathic Angioedema''': When no specific cause can be identified.		* '''Idiopathic Angioedema''': When no specific cause can be identified.

	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==
	The pathophysiology of angioedema involves the release of mediators that increase vascular permeability, leading to fluid leakage into the interstitial tissues. In allergic angioedema, histamine is the primary mediator, while in bradykinin-mediated angioedema (such as HAE), bradykinin is the key mediator.		The pathophysiology of angioedema involves the release of mediators that increase vascular permeability, leading to fluid leakage into the interstitial tissues. In allergic angioedema, histamine is the primary mediator, while in bradykinin-mediated angioedema (such as HAE), bradykinin is the key mediator.

	==Clinical Presentation==		==Clinical Presentation==
	Patients with angioedema typically present with sudden onset of swelling in the affected areas. The swelling is usually non-pitting and can be painful or itchy. In severe cases, especially when the airway is involved, angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.		Patients with angioedema typically present with sudden onset of swelling in the affected areas. The swelling is usually non-pitting and can be painful or itchy. In severe cases, especially when the airway is involved, angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of angioedema is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic swelling and patient history. Laboratory tests may include:		Diagnosis of angioedema is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic swelling and patient history. Laboratory tests may include:

	* Measurement of C4 and C1 inhibitor levels for hereditary angioedema.		* Measurement of C4 and C1 inhibitor levels for hereditary angioedema.
	* Allergy testing for allergic angioedema.		* Allergy testing for allergic angioedema.

	==Management==		==Management==
	The management of angioedema depends on the underlying cause:		The management of angioedema depends on the underlying cause:

	* '''Acute Management''': Involves airway protection, administration of antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine for allergic angioedema.		* '''Acute Management''': Involves airway protection, administration of antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine for allergic angioedema.

	* '''Long-term Management''': For hereditary angioedema, prophylactic treatments such as C1 inhibitor concentrates, bradykinin receptor antagonists, or kallikrein inhibitors may be used.		* '''Long-term Management''': For hereditary angioedema, prophylactic treatments such as C1 inhibitor concentrates, bradykinin receptor antagonists, or kallikrein inhibitors may be used.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis of angioedema varies depending on the type and severity. Allergic angioedema often resolves with treatment, while hereditary angioedema requires ongoing management to prevent attacks.		The prognosis of angioedema varies depending on the type and severity. Allergic angioedema often resolves with treatment, while hereditary angioedema requires ongoing management to prevent attacks.

	==Also see==		==Also see==
	* [[Urticaria]]		* [[Urticaria]]
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	* [[Bradykinin]]		* [[Bradykinin]]
	* [[C1 inhibitor]]		* [[C1 inhibitor]]

	{{Medical conditions}}		{{Medical conditions}}

	[[Category:Allergology]]		[[Category:Allergology]]
	[[Category:Dermatology]]		[[Category:Dermatology]]
	[[Category:Genetic disorders]]		[[Category:Genetic disorders]]

Prab: CSV import

2024-12-11T02:58:48Z

CSV import

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Angioedema]] is a medical condition characterized by a sudden, rapid swelling of the deep layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This condition is a result of the transient vascular leakage of serous fluid. Although it can occur anywhere on the body, angioedema commonly affects the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=Jonathan A.|title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management|journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine|year=2017|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15|doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-0|pmid=28405953|pmc=PMC5387545}}</ref>
+Angioedema
-Angioedema results from the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in deep dermal, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues. This process can be triggered by various factors, including an allergic reaction, hereditary factors, or as a side effect of certain medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cicardi|first=M.|title=Angioedema due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|year=2006|volume=26|issue=4|pages=739–750|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2006.09.008|pmid=17085285}}</ref>
+[[File:Angioedema2010.JPG|thumb|Angioedema of the lips]]
-[[File:Angioedema2010.JPG|thumb|Angioedema2010|left]]
+[[File:Angioedema2013.JPG|thumb|Angioedema affecting the face]]
-== Clinical Presentation ==
+[[File:Angioedema of the face.jpg|thumb|Severe angioedema of the face]]
-The hallmark of angioedema is the rapid onset of swelling involving the skin, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. Commonly affected areas include the face, lips, tongue, larynx, abdomen, and extremities. In severe cases, it can lead to difficulty breathing or swallowing, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Banerji|first=Aleena|title=Current treatment of hereditary angioedema: An update on clinical studies|journal=Allergy and Asthma Proceedings|year=2010|volume=31|issue=4|pages=286–290|doi=10.2500/aap.2010.31.3336|pmid=20615327}}</ref>
+'''Angioedema''' is a medical condition characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It is similar to [[urticaria]] (hives), but angioedema occurs deeper in the skin. The swelling is often localized and can affect various parts of the body, including the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities.
-Diagnosis of angioedema involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, alongside laboratory investigations, if needed, to rule out underlying causes. Management depends on the severity and the cause of the condition. Treatment may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine for acute episodes, and certain types of blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors should be avoided. In cases of hereditary angioedema, therapies to regulate the protein C1-INH might be used.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zuraw|first=Bruce L.|title=Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor: Four types and counting|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|year=2018|volume=141|issue=3|pages=884–885|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.034|pmid=29241729}}</ref>
+==Etiology==
-== References ==
+* '''Allergic Angioedema''': This type is often associated with allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or other allergens. It is mediated by [[immunoglobulin E]] (IgE) and is often accompanied by urticaria.
 [[Category:Allergology]]

Prab at 01:53, 25 May 2023

2023-05-25T01:53:38Z

New page

[[Angioedema]] is a medical condition characterized by a sudden, rapid swelling of the deep layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This condition is a result of the transient vascular leakage of serous fluid. Although it can occur anywhere on the body, angioedema commonly affects the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=Jonathan A.|title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management|journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine|year=2017|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15|doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-0|pmid=28405953|pmc=PMC5387545}}</ref>
[[File:AngioedemaFra.JPG|thumb|AngioedemaFra]]
== Pathophysiology ==

Angioedema results from the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in deep dermal, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues. This process can be triggered by various factors, including an allergic reaction, hereditary factors, or as a side effect of certain medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cicardi|first=M.|title=Angioedema due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|year=2006|volume=26|issue=4|pages=739–750|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2006.09.008|pmid=17085285}}</ref>
[[File:Angioedema2010.JPG|thumb|Angioedema2010|left]]
== Clinical Presentation ==

The hallmark of angioedema is the rapid onset of swelling involving the skin, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. Commonly affected areas include the face, lips, tongue, larynx, abdomen, and extremities. In severe cases, it can lead to difficulty breathing or swallowing, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Banerji|first=Aleena|title=Current treatment of hereditary angioedema: An update on clinical studies|journal=Allergy and Asthma Proceedings|year=2010|volume=31|issue=4|pages=286–290|doi=10.2500/aap.2010.31.3336|pmid=20615327}}</ref>
[[File:Swollen hand during a hereditary angioedema attack..jpg|thumb|Swollen hand during a hereditary angioedema attack.]]
== Diagnosis and Management ==

Diagnosis of angioedema involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, alongside laboratory investigations, if needed, to rule out underlying causes. Management depends on the severity and the cause of the condition. Treatment may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine for acute episodes, and certain types of blood pressure medications like ACE inhibitors should be avoided. In cases of hereditary angioedema, therapies to regulate the protein C1-INH might be used.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zuraw|first=Bruce L.|title=Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor: Four types and counting|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|year=2018|volume=141|issue=3|pages=884–885|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.034|pmid=29241729}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Category:Skin conditions]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Allergology]]