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			{{SI}}<br>
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Amoebiasis
			\| image = [[File:Amebiasis_LifeCycle.gif\|250px]]
			\| caption = Life cycle of ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
			\| field = [[Infectious disease]]
			\| symptoms = [[Abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[bloody stool]]
			\| complications = [[Liver abscess]], [[peritonitis]], [[colitis]]
			\| onset = 2 to 4 weeks after exposure
			\| duration = Variable
			\| causes = ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'' infection
			\| risks = Poor sanitation, [[travel]] to endemic areas
			\| diagnosis = [[Stool test]], [[serology]], [[imaging]]
			\| differential = [[Bacterial dysentery]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]]
			\| prevention = Improved [[sanitation]], [[hygiene]]
			\| treatment = [[Metronidazole]], [[tinidazole]], [[paromomycin]]
			\| prognosis = Good with treatment
			\| frequency = 50 million symptomatic cases worldwide
			\| deaths = 55,000 annually
			}}
	[[Amoebiasis]], also known as amebiasis or amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite [[Entamoeba histolytica]]. This unicellular organism primarily affects the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly the large intestine, but can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, lungs, or brain.		[[Amoebiasis]], also known as amebiasis or amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite [[Entamoeba histolytica]]. This unicellular organism primarily affects the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly the large intestine, but can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, lungs, or brain.
	[[File:Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en.svg\|thumb\|Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en]]		[[File:Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en.svg\|thumb\|Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en]]
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	[[File:Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion.png\|thumb\|Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion]]		[[File:Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion.png\|thumb\|Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion]]
	Amoebiasis is a global health concern, particularly prevalent in tropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. It is estimated to affect approximately 50 million people worldwide annually, causing 40,000 to 100,000 deaths each year.		Amoebiasis is a global health concern, particularly prevalent in tropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. It is estimated to affect approximately 50 million people worldwide annually, causing 40,000 to 100,000 deaths each year.

	== Transmission ==		== Transmission ==
	[[File:Ehistdisp_cyst_wtmt.jpg\|E. histolytica cyst\|thumb]]		[[File:Ehistdisp_cyst_wtmt.jpg\|E. histolytica cyst\|thumb]]
	The transmission of E. histolytica occurs primarily through ingestion of contaminated water or food containing cysts (dormant, resistant form of the parasite). It can also occur through direct contact, including sexual contact particularly involving anal intercourse.		The transmission of E. histolytica occurs primarily through ingestion of contaminated water or food containing cysts (dormant, resistant form of the parasite). It can also occur through direct contact, including sexual contact particularly involving anal intercourse.

	== Clinical Manifestation ==		== Clinical Manifestation ==

	Amoebiasis manifests in two forms: intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebiasis. The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic carriers, but symptoms can occur in some cases.		Amoebiasis manifests in two forms: intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebiasis. The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic carriers, but symptoms can occur in some cases.

	=== Intestinal Amoebiasis ===		=== Intestinal Amoebiasis ===

	In intestinal amoebiasis, symptoms may range from mild discomfort to severe dysentery characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and excessive gas.		In intestinal amoebiasis, symptoms may range from mild discomfort to severe dysentery characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and excessive gas.

	=== Extraintestinal Amoebiasis ===		=== Extraintestinal Amoebiasis ===

	In extraintestinal amoebiasis, the most common form is amoebic liver abscess, presenting with fever, right upper quadrant pain, and hepatomegaly. Less commonly, it can affect the lungs, brain, or other organs.		In extraintestinal amoebiasis, the most common form is amoebic liver abscess, presenting with fever, right upper quadrant pain, and hepatomegaly. Less commonly, it can affect the lungs, brain, or other organs.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

	The diagnosis of amoebiasis is made through stool microscopy, antigen detection tests, and PCR. Serological tests may be used to detect extraintestinal disease. Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan can help identify amoebic liver abscesses.		The diagnosis of amoebiasis is made through stool microscopy, antigen detection tests, and PCR. Serological tests may be used to detect extraintestinal disease. Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan can help identify amoebic liver abscesses.

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==

	Treatment involves pharmacotherapy with amoebicidal medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole, followed by luminal agents like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin to eliminate any remaining intestinal cysts. In cases of amoebic liver abscess, drainage might be required if the abscess is large or does not respond to medical treatment.		Treatment involves pharmacotherapy with amoebicidal medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole, followed by luminal agents like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin to eliminate any remaining intestinal cysts. In cases of amoebic liver abscess, drainage might be required if the abscess is large or does not respond to medical treatment.

	== Prevention ==		== Prevention ==

	Prevention strategies for amoebiasis center around improving sanitation and water quality, including proper disposal of human feces, protection of water supplies from contamination, and appropriate hand hygiene practices. In endemic areas, health education about the risks of amoebiasis and protective measures is crucial.		Prevention strategies for amoebiasis center around improving sanitation and water quality, including proper disposal of human feces, protection of water supplies from contamination, and appropriate hand hygiene practices. In endemic areas, health education about the risks of amoebiasis and protective measures is crucial.

	== References ==		== References ==
	* [1] Stanley SL Jr. (2003). Amoebiasis. The Lancet, 361(9362), 1025-1034.		* [1] Stanley SL Jr. (2003). Amoebiasis. The Lancet, 361(9362), 1025-1034.

Prab at 20:29, 29 May 2023

2023-05-29T20:29:08Z

New page

[[Amoebiasis]], also known as amebiasis or amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite [[Entamoeba histolytica]]. This unicellular organism primarily affects the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly the large intestine, but can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, lungs, or brain.
[[File:Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en.svg|thumb|Entamoeba histolytica life cycle-en]]
== Epidemiology ==
[[File:Amoebiasis of intestine, 20x.jpg|thumb|Amoebiasis of intestine, 20x]]
[[File:Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion.png|thumb|Tissue damage caused by E. histolytica is a result of three main events, host cell death, inflammation, and parasite invasion]]
Amoebiasis is a global health concern, particularly prevalent in tropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. It is estimated to affect approximately 50 million people worldwide annually, causing 40,000 to 100,000 deaths each year.

== Transmission ==
[[File:Ehistdisp_cyst_wtmt.jpg|E. histolytica cyst|thumb]]
The transmission of E. histolytica occurs primarily through ingestion of contaminated water or food containing cysts (dormant, resistant form of the parasite). It can also occur through direct contact, including sexual contact particularly involving anal intercourse.

== Clinical Manifestation ==

Amoebiasis manifests in two forms: intestinal amoebiasis and extraintestinal amoebiasis. The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic carriers, but symptoms can occur in some cases.

=== Intestinal Amoebiasis ===

In intestinal amoebiasis, symptoms may range from mild discomfort to severe dysentery characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and excessive gas.

=== Extraintestinal Amoebiasis ===

In extraintestinal amoebiasis, the most common form is amoebic liver abscess, presenting with fever, right upper quadrant pain, and hepatomegaly. Less commonly, it can affect the lungs, brain, or other organs.

== Diagnosis ==

The diagnosis of amoebiasis is made through stool microscopy, antigen detection tests, and PCR. Serological tests may be used to detect extraintestinal disease. Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan can help identify amoebic liver abscesses.

== Treatment ==

Treatment involves pharmacotherapy with amoebicidal medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole, followed by luminal agents like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin to eliminate any remaining intestinal cysts. In cases of amoebic liver abscess, drainage might be required if the abscess is large or does not respond to medical treatment.

== Prevention ==

Prevention strategies for amoebiasis center around improving sanitation and water quality, including proper disposal of human feces, protection of water supplies from contamination, and appropriate hand hygiene practices. In endemic areas, health education about the risks of amoebiasis and protective measures is crucial.

== References ==
* [1] Stanley SL Jr. (2003). Amoebiasis. The Lancet, 361(9362), 1025-1034.
* [2] Shirley DT, Farr L, Watanabe K, Moonah S. (2018). A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 5(7), ofy161.
* [3] Petri WA Jr, Haque R, Lyerly D, Vines RR. (2000). Estimating the impact of amebiasis on health. Parasitology Today, 16(8), 320-321.
* [4] Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA Jr. (2003). Amebiasis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(16), 1565-1573.
{{stub}}
{{Amoebozoa diseases}}
[[Category:Intestinal infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Waterborne diseases]]
[[Category:Tropical diseases]]

Amoebiasis - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab at 20:29, 29 May 2023