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<p>CSV import</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Aminoglutethimide.svg|Aminoglutethimide|thumb]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Aminoglutethimide&#039;&#039;&#039; is a pharmaceutical drug that was initially introduced as an [[anticonvulsant]] but later found widespread use in the treatment of certain types of [[cancer]], particularly [[breast cancer]] and [[prostate cancer]]. It functions by inhibiting the enzyme [[aromatase]], leading to a reduction in [[estrogen]] production, which is often a contributing factor in the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Aminoglutethimide was first synthesized in the 1950s and initially used to treat [[epilepsy]] due to its anticonvulsant properties. However, its use in this capacity was limited due to the development of more effective and less toxic anticonvulsant medications. In the 1970s, researchers discovered its potential in oncology, particularly in treating hormone-sensitive cancers, by inhibiting the synthesis of adrenal steroids, thereby reducing estrogen levels in the body.<br /> <br /> ==Mechanism of Action==<br /> The primary mechanism of action of aminoglutethimide is the inhibition of the [[aromatase]] enzyme, which is crucial in the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens. Additionally, it inhibits the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, leading to a decrease in the production of all adrenal steroids. This reduction in estrogen production is particularly beneficial in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, where the growth of cancer cells is stimulated by estrogens.<br /> <br /> ==Clinical Uses==<br /> Aminoglutethimide is primarily used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers, such as metastatic breast cancer and prostate cancer. It is often used in patients who have not responded to other forms of treatment or in postmenopausal women. The drug can be used alone or in combination with other therapies, such as [[corticosteroids]], to manage symptoms and inhibit tumor growth.<br /> <br /> ==Side Effects==<br /> The use of aminoglutethimide can lead to several side effects, including:<br /> * Fatigue<br /> * Nausea and vomiting<br /> * Rash<br /> * Dizziness<br /> * Hypothyroidism<br /> Due to its effect on adrenal steroid synthesis, it can also cause adrenal insufficiency, necessitating the concurrent administration of corticosteroids to mitigate this risk.<br /> <br /> ==Pharmacokinetics==<br /> Aminoglutethimide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with its metabolism occurring in the liver. It is excreted primarily in the urine. The drug&#039;s half-life allows for twice-daily dosing in most treatment regimens.<br /> <br /> ==Conclusion==<br /> While aminoglutethimide has been largely replaced by more selective and less toxic aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, it remains an important option in certain clinical scenarios. Its development and use have contributed significantly to the understanding and management of hormone-sensitive cancers.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Antineoplastic drugs]]<br /> [[Category:Aromatase inhibitors]]<br /> {{medicine-stub}}</div>

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