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en>Willondon: Undid revision 1177060823 by PhilipD239 (talk); overwrites redirect without explanation; not useful to readers of an English encyclopedia

2023-09-25T18:17:42Z

Undid revision 1177060823 by PhilipD239 (talk); overwrites redirect without explanation; not useful to readers of an English encyclopedia

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Deepika vegiraju: Removed redirect to Nitazoxanide

2022-10-13T08:43:39Z

Removed redirect to Nitazoxanide

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== '''What is Alinia?''' ==

* '''Alinia''' ([[Nitazoxanide]]) is '''an antiprotozoal''' used for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by [[Giardia lamblia]] or [[Cryptosporidium parvum]].

[[File:Nitazoxanide.svg|thumb|Nitazoxanide]]

[[File:Nitazoxanide-from-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls.png|thumb|Nitazoxanide-from-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls]]

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title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==

* '''Alinia''' ([[Nitazoxanide]]) for Oral Suspension (patients 1 year of age and older) and Alinia Tablets (patients 12 years and older) are used for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by [[Giardia lamblia]] or [[Cryptosporidium parvum]].

'''Limitations of use:'''
* Alinia for Oral Suspension and Alinia Tablets have not been shown to be effective for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum in [[HIV]]-infected or [[immunodeficient]] patients.

== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

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title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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* Nitazoxanide is '''an antiprotozoal'''.
* The antiprotozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to '''interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism'''.
* Studies have shown that the '''PFOR enzyme from G. lamblia directly reduces nitazoxanide by transfer of electrons in the absence of ferredoxin.
* The DNA-derived PFOR protein sequence of C.parvum appears to be similar to that of G.lamblia'''.
* Interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may not be the only pathway by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity.

== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==

This medicine cannot be used in patients with:
* prior [[hypersensitivity]] to nitazoxanide or any other ingredient in the formulations.

== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==

* Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Be sure to mention the medications listed below:
* [[anticoagulants]] ('blood thinners') such as [[warfarin]] (Coumadin, Jantoven).

== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==

* Nitazoxanide tablets were approved as a generic medication in the United States in 2020.

== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==

'''Recommended dosage:'''
'''Dosage for treatment of diarrhea caused by G. lamblia or C. parvum:'''
* 1-3 years:5 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (100 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food.
* 4-11 years:10 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (200 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food for 3 days.
* 12 years and older: One Alinia Tablet (500 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food or 25 mL of Alinia for Oral Suspension (500 mg nitazoxanide) every 12 hours with food.

'''Administration:'''
* Nitazoxanide comes as a tablet and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth.
* It is usually taken with food every 12 hours for 3 days.
* Take nitazoxanide at around the same times every day.
* Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly.

== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
* As Tablets: 500 mg
* Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
* '''ALINIA'''

=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==

The most common side effects of this medicine include:
* abdominal pain
* headache
* [[chromaturia]]
* [[nausea]]

==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==

* Alinia Tablets and Alinia for Oral Suspension should be taken with food.
* The container should be kept tightly closed, and the suspension should be shaken well before each administration. The suspension may be stored at room temperature for 7 days, after which any unused portion must be discarded.
* Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had [[human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV), problems with the immune system, or liver or kidney disease.
* No information regarding the presence of nitazoxanide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production is available.

== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

Symptoms of overdose may include:
* Limited information on nitazoxanide overdosage is available.

Management of overdosage:
* In the event of overdose, gastric lavage may be appropriate soon after oral administration.
* Patients should be observed and given symptomatic and supportive treatment.
* There is no specific [[antidote]] for overdose with ALINIA.
* Because tizoxanide is highly protein bound (>99.9%), [[dialysis]] is unlikely to significantly reduce plasma concentrations of the drug.

== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==

* There are no data with Alinia in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk.

=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==

* The safety and efficacy of Aliniafor Oral Suspension for the treatment of [[diarrhea]] caused by G. lamblia or C. parvum in pediatric patients 1 to 11 years of age has been established.
* Safety and efficacy of Alinia for Oral Suspension in pediatric patients less than one year of age has not been studied.

== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==

'''Active ingredients:'''
* NITAZOXANIDE

'''Inactive Ingredients:'''
* TITANIUM DIOXIDE
* D&C YELLOW NO. 10
* FD&C YELLOW NO. 6
* FD&C BLUE NO. 2
* STARCH, CORN
* HYPROMELLOSES
* SUCROSE
* SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO
* TALC
* MAGNESIUM STEARATE
* LECITHIN, SOYBEAN
* POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
* XANTHAN GUM

== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==

* [[Romark Laboratories, L.C.|Romark, L.C.]]
* Bayport Drive, Suite 200, Tampa, FL

* Aliniais a registered trademark of Romark.

== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

'''Alinia Tablets:'''
* Store the tablets at 25 oC (77 oF); excursions permitted to 15 oC-30 oC (59 oF-86 oF).

'''Alinia for Oral Suspension:'''
* Store the unsuspended powder at 25 oC (77 oF); excursions permitted to 15 oC-30 oC (59 oF-86 oF).

{{coststubd}}
{{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}}
{{Excavata antiparasitics}}
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[[Category:Acetate esters]]
[[Category:Antiparasitic agents]]
[[Category:Antiviral drugs]]
[[Category:Nitrothiazoles]]
[[Category:Salicylamide ethers]]

Alinia - Revision history

Prab: 1 revision imported

en>Willondon: Undid revision 1177060823 by PhilipD239 (talk); overwrites redirect without explanation; not useful to readers of an English encyclopedia

Deepika vegiraju: Removed redirect to Nitazoxanide