Alemtuzumab - Revision history

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	[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]		[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]
	[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]		[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]
			== Alemtuzumab ==
			<gallery>
			File:Alemtuzumab Fab 1CE1.png\|Alemtuzumab
			</gallery>
	== Alemtuzumab ==		== Alemtuzumab ==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Alemtuzumab Fab 1CE1.png\|Alemtuzumab		File:Alemtuzumab Fab 1CE1.png\|Alemtuzumab
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	[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]		[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]
	[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]		[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]
			== Alemtuzumab ==
			<gallery>
			File:Alemtuzumab Fab 1CE1.png\|Alemtuzumab
			</gallery>

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	{{Short description\|~~Monoclonal~~ antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and leukemia}}		{{Short description\|A monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and certain types of leukemia}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
	\| verifiedfields = changed		\| verifiedfields = changed
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	\| image_size = 250px		\| image_size = 250px
	\| image_alt =		\| image_alt =
	\| image_caption = Crystal structure of Alemtuzumab Fab		\| image_caption = Crystal structure of Alemtuzumab Fab fragment
	}}		}}

	'''Alemtuzumab''' is a [[monoclonal antibody]] used in the treatment of [[multiple sclerosis]] and certain types of [[leukemia]]. It ~~is a~~ [[~~biological therapy~~]] ~~that targets specific proteins~~ on the surface of ~~cells, leading to the destruction of those cells. Alemtuzumab is marketed under the brand name '''Lemtrada''' for multiple sclerosis and '''Campath''' for leukemia~~.		'''Alemtuzumab''' is a [[monoclonal antibody]] used in the treatment of [[multiple sclerosis]] and certain types of [[leukemia]], such as [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL). It targets the [[CD52]] antigen, a protein present on the surface of mature lymphocytes.

	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
	Alemtuzumab ~~is a [[humanized monoclonal antibody]] that targets~~ the [[CD52]] antigen~~, a protein found~~ on the surface of ~~mature~~ [[~~lymphocytes]], including [[T~~ cells]] and [[B cells]]. By binding ~~to CD52, alemtuzumab~~ triggers the destruction of these cells through [[antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity]] (ADCC) and [[complement-dependent cytotoxicity]] (CDC). ~~This depletion of~~ lymphocytes is ~~thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects~~ in ~~both~~ multiple sclerosis and leukemia.		Alemtuzumab works by binding to the CD52 antigen on the surface of [[B cells]] and [[T cells]]. This binding triggers the destruction of these cells by the immune system, primarily through [[antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity]] (ADCC) and [[complement-dependent cytotoxicity]] (CDC). By depleting these lymphocytes, alemtuzumab modulates the immune system, which is beneficial in conditions like multiple sclerosis and leukemia.

	==Medical Uses==		==Medical Uses==
	~~===Multiple Sclerosis===~~		Alemtuzumab is primarily used in the treatment of:
	Alemtuzumab is used in the treatment of [[relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]] (RRMS). It is typically prescribed for patients who have had an inadequate response to two or more [[disease-modifying therapies]]. The drug is administered as an intravenous infusion over several days, with a second course given a year later. Alemtuzumab has been shown to reduce the frequency of relapses and slow the progression of disability in patients with RRMS.

	~~===Leukemia===~~		* [[Multiple sclerosis]]: It is used to reduce the frequency of relapses and delay the progression of disability in patients with relapsing forms of the disease.
	~~In the context of leukemia, alemtuzumab~~ is used to ~~treat~~ [[~~chronic~~ lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) ~~and [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] (T-PLL).~~ It is ~~particularly useful~~ in patients who have ~~not responded to~~ other ~~treatments~~. The ~~drug works by depleting~~ the ~~malignant lymphocytes~~, ~~leading to a reduction~~ in the ~~number~~ of ~~cancerous cells~~.		* [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL): It is used in patients who have been treated with other therapies without success.

			==Administration==
			Alemtuzumab is administered via [[intravenous infusion]]. The dosing regimen varies depending on the condition being treated. For multiple sclerosis, it is typically given in two courses, with the first course consisting of daily infusions for five consecutive days, and the second course given a year later for three consecutive days.

	==Side Effects==		==Side Effects==
	~~The use of alemtuzumab is associated with several side effects, some of which can be severe.~~ Common side effects ~~include [[infusion reactions]], such as fever, rash, and nausea. More serious side effects include an increased risk~~ of ~~[[infections]], [[autoimmune disorders]], and [[malignancies]]. Patients receiving~~ alemtuzumab ~~require careful monitoring for these potential complications.~~		Common side effects of alemtuzumab include:

	~~==Administration==~~		* [[Infusion reactions]] such as rash, headache, and fever
	~~Alemtuzumab is administered via~~ [[~~intravenous infusion~~]]~~. The dosing regimen varies depending on the condition being treated. For multiple sclerosis~~, ~~the initial treatment consists of daily infusions for five consecutive days~~, ~~followed by a second course~~ of ~~daily infusions for three days one year later. For leukemia~~, ~~the dosing schedule may differ~~ and ~~is tailored to the individual patient's needs.~~		* Increased risk of infections due to immunosuppression
			* Autoimmune conditions, such as [[thyroid disorders]] and [[immune thrombocytopenic purpura]] (ITP)

	==History==		==History==
	Alemtuzumab was originally developed ~~in the 1980s and~~ was ~~one of the first monoclonal antibodies~~ to be ~~used~~ in ~~the treatment of cancer~~. It was initially ~~approved~~ for ~~the treatment of chronic lymphocytic~~ leukemia ~~in 2001. In 2014, it received approval~~ for ~~the treatment of relapsing-remitting~~ multiple sclerosis.		Alemtuzumab was originally developed as a treatment for leukemia. It was later found to be effective in treating multiple sclerosis, leading to its approval for this indication. The drug was initially marketed under the brand name Campath for leukemia and later as Lemtrada for multiple sclerosis.

	==Related pages==		==Related pages==
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	* [[Multiple sclerosis treatment]]		* [[Multiple sclerosis treatment]]
	* [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]		* [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]
	* [[Autoimmune disease]]

	[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]		[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
	[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]		[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]
	[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]		[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]

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New page

{{Short description|Monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and leukemia}}
{{Drugbox
| verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477002647
| image = Alemtuzumab_Fab_1CE1.png
| image_size = 250px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Crystal structure of Alemtuzumab Fab
}}

'''Alemtuzumab''' is a [[monoclonal antibody]] used in the treatment of [[multiple sclerosis]] and certain types of [[leukemia]]. It is a [[biological therapy]] that targets specific proteins on the surface of cells, leading to the destruction of those cells. Alemtuzumab is marketed under the brand name '''Lemtrada''' for multiple sclerosis and '''Campath''' for leukemia.

==Mechanism of Action==
Alemtuzumab is a [[humanized monoclonal antibody]] that targets the [[CD52]] antigen, a protein found on the surface of mature [[lymphocytes]], including [[T cells]] and [[B cells]]. By binding to CD52, alemtuzumab triggers the destruction of these cells through [[antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity]] (ADCC) and [[complement-dependent cytotoxicity]] (CDC). This depletion of lymphocytes is thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects in both multiple sclerosis and leukemia.

==Medical Uses==
===Multiple Sclerosis===
Alemtuzumab is used in the treatment of [[relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]] (RRMS). It is typically prescribed for patients who have had an inadequate response to two or more [[disease-modifying therapies]]. The drug is administered as an intravenous infusion over several days, with a second course given a year later. Alemtuzumab has been shown to reduce the frequency of relapses and slow the progression of disability in patients with RRMS.

===Leukemia===
In the context of leukemia, alemtuzumab is used to treat [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] (CLL) and [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] (T-PLL). It is particularly useful in patients who have not responded to other treatments. The drug works by depleting the malignant lymphocytes, leading to a reduction in the number of cancerous cells.

==Side Effects==
The use of alemtuzumab is associated with several side effects, some of which can be severe. Common side effects include [[infusion reactions]], such as fever, rash, and nausea. More serious side effects include an increased risk of [[infections]], [[autoimmune disorders]], and [[malignancies]]. Patients receiving alemtuzumab require careful monitoring for these potential complications.

==Administration==
Alemtuzumab is administered via [[intravenous infusion]]. The dosing regimen varies depending on the condition being treated. For multiple sclerosis, the initial treatment consists of daily infusions for five consecutive days, followed by a second course of daily infusions for three days one year later. For leukemia, the dosing schedule may differ and is tailored to the individual patient's needs.

==History==
Alemtuzumab was originally developed in the 1980s and was one of the first monoclonal antibodies to be used in the treatment of cancer. It was initially approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 2001. In 2014, it received approval for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

==Related pages==
* [[Monoclonal antibody therapy]]
* [[Multiple sclerosis treatment]]
* [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]
* [[Autoimmune disease]]

[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
[[Category:Multiple sclerosis treatments]]
[[Category:Leukemia treatments]]