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== Acidithiobacillia ==

'''Acidithiobacillia''' is a class of bacteria within the phylum [[Pseudomonadota]]. These bacteria are known for their ability to thrive in extremely acidic environments and are often involved in the bioleaching of metals. The class Acidithiobacillia includes several genera, with ''[[Acidithiobacillus]]'' being one of the most studied.

=== Characteristics ===
Acidithiobacillia are characterized by their acidophilic nature, meaning they can survive and grow in environments with low pH levels. They are typically Gram-negative and rod-shaped. These bacteria are chemolithoautotrophic, obtaining energy by oxidizing inorganic substances such as iron and sulfur.

=== Metabolism ===
Members of the Acidithiobacillia class are known for their unique metabolic capabilities. They can oxidize ferrous iron (Fe__) to ferric iron (Fe__) and reduce sulfur compounds, which makes them important in the bioleaching process. This ability is utilized in the mining industry to extract metals from ores.

=== Ecology ===
Acidithiobacillia are commonly found in acidic environments such as sulfuric hot springs, acid mine drainage, and other environments with high concentrations of metal sulfides. Their presence is crucial in the natural cycling of sulfur and iron.

=== Industrial Applications ===
The ability of Acidithiobacillia to oxidize iron and sulfur compounds is exploited in the mining industry for the bioleaching of metals such as copper, gold, and uranium. This process is more environmentally friendly compared to traditional methods of metal extraction.

== Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ==

[[File:Acidithiobacillus_ferrooxidans.jpg|thumb|''Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans'']]

''[[Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans]]'' is one of the most well-known species within the Acidithiobacillia class. It is a model organism for studying bioleaching and acidophilic bacteria.

=== Description ===
''Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It is an obligate acidophile and thrives in environments with a pH range of 1.5 to 2.5. This bacterium is capable of oxidizing both ferrous iron and reduced sulfur compounds.

=== Role in Bioleaching ===
''A. ferrooxidans'' plays a significant role in the bioleaching process. It oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron, which then acts as an oxidizing agent to dissolve metal sulfides, releasing valuable metals. This process is used in the extraction of copper and other metals from low-grade ores.

=== Environmental Impact ===
While ''A. ferrooxidans'' is beneficial in industrial applications, it can also contribute to environmental issues such as acid mine drainage. The oxidation of sulfide minerals by this bacterium can lead to the release of sulfuric acid and dissolved metals into the environment, causing pollution.

== Related Pages ==
* [[Bioleaching]]
* [[Acid mine drainage]]
* [[Pseudomonadota]]
* [[Chemolithoautotroph]]

[[Category:Acidithiobacillia]]
[[Category:Acidophiles]]
[[Category:Industrial microbiology]]

Acidithiobacillia - Revision history

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