Achene - Revision history

Prab at 04:28, 20 March 2025

2025-03-20T04:28:36Z

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 An '''achene''' is a type of simple dry [[fruit]] produced by many species of [[flowering plant]]. Achenes are characterized by a single seed that is enclosed in a hard, indehiscent outer shell. This means that the seed does not naturally open to release the seed when it is mature. Achenes are a common fruit type in the [[Asteraceae]] family, which includes plants such as [[sunflowers]] and [[dandelions]].
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 * [[Buttercup]] (''Ranunculus'')
 * [[Strawberry]] (''Fragaria'')
 == Related Pages ==
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 * [[Dispersal (botany)]]
 * [[Asteraceae]]
 [[Category:Fruit]]
 [[Category:Plant morphology]]

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T12:22:01Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:22, 18 February 2025
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	[[Category:Fruit]]		[[Category:Fruit]]
	[[Category:Plant morphology]]		[[Category:Plant morphology]]
			== Achene ==
			<gallery>
			File:Flower_morphology_-_longitudinal_section_showing_achene_formation_and_hypanthium_in_Rosa-01.svg\|Achene formation in Rosa
			File:Cypsela_Cynara.JPG\|Cypsela of Cynara
			File:Make_a_Wish_by_Vefobitseq.jpg\|Achene
			File:Dandelion_Microscopic_1.jpg\|Dandelion achene
			File:Acer_buergerianum_seeds.jpg\|Acer buergerianum seeds
			File:Pulsatilla_alpina_fruit.JPG\|Pulsatilla alpina fruit
			File:Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_12.JPG\|Coreopsis tinctoria cultivar Uptick Cream and Red
			File:Coreopsis_tinctoria_cultivar_Uptick_Cream_and_Red_13-achenes.jpg\|Coreopsis tinctoria cultivar Uptick Cream and Red achenes
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-11T21:26:52Z

CSV import

New page

= Achene =

An '''achene''' is a type of simple dry [[fruit]] produced by many species of [[flowering plant]]. Achenes are characterized by a single seed that is enclosed in a hard, indehiscent outer shell. This means that the seed does not naturally open to release the seed when it is mature. Achenes are a common fruit type in the [[Asteraceae]] family, which includes plants such as [[sunflowers]] and [[dandelions]].

== Morphology ==

The structure of an achene consists of a single seed that is attached to the pericarp (the fruit wall) at a single point. The pericarp is typically thin and does not fuse with the seed coat, allowing the seed to be easily separated from the fruit. This is in contrast to other fruit types such as [[caryopsis]], where the seed coat is fused to the pericarp.

[[File:Flower morphology - longitudinal section showing achene formation and hypanthium in Rosa-01.svg|thumb|right|Longitudinal section showing achene formation in ''Rosa'']]

== Types of Achenes ==

=== Cypsela ===

A '''cypsela''' is a type of achene that is derived from an inferior ovary, typical of the [[Asteraceae]] family. The cypsela often has a pappus, which is a modified calyx that aids in wind dispersal.

[[File:Cypsela Cynara.JPG|thumb|right|Cypsela of ''Cynara'']]

=== Samara ===

A '''samara''' is a winged achene, which aids in wind dispersal. This type of fruit is common in trees such as [[maples]] (''Acer'').

[[File:Acer buergerianum seeds.jpg|thumb|right|Samara of ''Acer buergerianum'']]

== Dispersal Mechanisms ==

Achenes are often adapted for dispersal by wind, water, or animals. The presence of structures such as pappi or wings can enhance the ability of the achene to be carried over long distances.

=== Wind Dispersal ===

Many achenes, such as those of the [[dandelion]] (''Taraxacum''), have a pappus that acts like a parachute, allowing the seed to be carried by the wind.

[[File:Make a Wish by Vefobitseq.jpg|thumb|right|Dandelion achenes ready for wind dispersal]]

=== Animal Dispersal ===

Some achenes are adapted to be dispersed by animals. They may have hooks or barbs that attach to animal fur, or they may be ingested and later excreted by animals.

== Examples of Plants with Achenes ==

* [[Dandelion]] (''Taraxacum'')
* [[Sunflower]] (''Helianthus'')
* [[Buttercup]] (''Ranunculus'')
* [[Strawberry]] (''Fragaria'')

== Related Pages ==

* [[Fruit]]
* [[Seed]]
* [[Dispersal (botany)]]
* [[Asteraceae]]

== Gallery ==

<gallery>
File:Dandelion Microscopic 1.jpg|Microscopic view of dandelion achenes
File:Pulsatilla alpina fruit.JPG|Achenes of ''Pulsatilla alpina''
File:Coreopsis tinctoria cultivar Uptick Cream and Red 12.JPG|''Coreopsis tinctoria'' cultivar with achenes
File:Coreopsis tinctoria cultivar Uptick Cream and Red 13-achenes.jpg|Close-up of ''Coreopsis tinctoria'' achenes
</gallery>

[[Category:Fruit]]
[[Category:Plant morphology]]