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	{{~~Short description\|A chemical compound used as a solvent and in organic synthesis}}~~		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Acetonitrile}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023~~}}

	~~'''~~Acetonitrile~~''' (systematically named '''ethanenitrile''') is the chemical compound with the formula '''CH_CN'''~~. It is a colorless liquid that is the simplest organic nitrile. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of ~~butadiene.~~		== Acetonitrile ==
			[[File:Asetonitril.png\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of acetonitrile]]

	~~==Properties==~~		'''Acetonitrile''', also known as '''methyl cyanide''', is a chemical compound with the formula '''CH_CN'''. It is the simplest organic [[nitrile]], consisting of a [[methyl group]] attached to a [[cyano group]]. Acetonitrile is a colorless liquid with a distinctive ether-like odor. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of [[acrylonitrile]] manufacture.
	Acetonitrile is a ~~volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid~~ with ~~an aromatic odor~~. It is ~~miscible with water and most~~ organic ~~solvents~~. ~~It has~~ a ~~boiling point of 81.6 °C and~~ a ~~melting point of _45 °C~~. ~~The compound~~ is ~~known for its ability to dissolve~~ a ~~wide range~~ of ~~ionic and non-polar compounds, making it a versatile solvent in the laboratory~~.

	==~~Production~~==		== Properties ==
	Acetonitrile is ~~produced mainly as~~ a ~~byproduct in the manufacture of~~ [[~~acrylonitrile~~]]. ~~The process involves~~ the ~~ammoxidation of propylene, which yields acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide~~, and ~~acetonitrile~~. ~~The acetonitrile~~ is ~~then separated~~ and ~~purified for use~~.		Acetonitrile is a polar [[solvent]] with a high dielectric constant. It is miscible with [[water]] and most organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent in the laboratory. Its boiling point is 81.6 °C, and it has a melting point of _45.7 °C. Acetonitrile is known for its ability to dissolve a wide range of ionic and non-ionic compounds.

	==~~Applications~~==		== Uses ==
	Acetonitrile is widely used in the [[pharmaceutical industry]] as a solvent for the synthesis of various drugs. It is also ~~used~~ in the production of ~~[[pesticides~~]], [[~~perfumes~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~rubber~~]] ~~products. In the laboratory~~, it is a ~~common solvent for~~ [[high-performance liquid chromatography]] (HPLC) due to its low UV ~~absorbance and miscibility with water~~.		Acetonitrile is widely used in the [[pharmaceutical industry]] as a solvent for the synthesis of various drugs. It is also employed in the [[production of batteries]], as it is a component of the electrolyte in [[lithium-ion batteries]]. In the field of [[chromatography]], acetonitrile is used as a mobile phase in [[high-performance liquid chromatography]] (HPLC) due to its low viscosity and UV transparency.

	==Safety==		== Safety ==
	Acetonitrile is classified as a hazardous chemical. It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure to acetonitrile can cause ~~irritation to the skin~~, ~~eyes~~, and ~~respiratory tract~~. ~~Ingestion or inhalation of large amounts~~ can lead to cyanide poisoning, as acetonitrile is metabolized to hydrogen cyanide in the body.		Acetonitrile is classified as a hazardous chemical. It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure to acetonitrile can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, and it can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea. In severe cases, exposure can lead to cyanide poisoning, as acetonitrile is metabolized to [[hydrogen cyanide]] in the body.

	==~~Environmental Impact~~==		== Production ==
	~~Acetonitrile~~ is ~~considered~~ to ~~have low environmental persistence~~. ~~It is readily biodegradable~~ and ~~does not bioaccumulate~~. ~~However, its release into~~ the ~~environment should be minimized to prevent potential harm to aquatic life~~.		The primary method of acetonitrile production is as a byproduct of the [[ammoxidation]] of [[propylene]] to produce acrylonitrile. This process involves the reaction of propylene, ammonia, and oxygen over a catalyst. The acetonitrile is then separated from the acrylonitrile and other byproducts through distillation.

	==Related pages==		== Environmental Impact ==
			Acetonitrile is considered to have a low environmental impact due to its rapid degradation in the atmosphere. It is broken down by photochemical reactions, resulting in a relatively short atmospheric lifetime. However, care must be taken to prevent its release into water bodies, as it can be toxic to aquatic life.

			== Related pages ==
			* [[Nitrile]]
	* [[Acrylonitrile]]		* [[Acrylonitrile]]
	* [[Nitrile]]
	* [[Solvent]]		* [[Solvent]]
	* [[High-performance liquid chromatography]]		* [[High-performance liquid chromatography]]

	~~==Gallery==~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Asetonitril.png\|Structure of acetonitrile~~
	~~</gallery>~~

	[[Category:Organic compounds]]		[[Category:Organic compounds]]
	[[Category:Nitriles]]		[[Category:Nitriles]]
	[[Category:Solvents]]		[[Category:Solvents]]

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{{Short description|A chemical compound used as a solvent and in organic synthesis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

'''Acetonitrile''' (systematically named '''ethanenitrile''') is the chemical compound with the formula '''CH_CN'''. It is a colorless liquid that is the simplest organic nitrile. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.

==Properties==
Acetonitrile is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. It is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a boiling point of 81.6 °C and a melting point of _45 °C. The compound is known for its ability to dissolve a wide range of ionic and non-polar compounds, making it a versatile solvent in the laboratory.

==Production==
Acetonitrile is produced mainly as a byproduct in the manufacture of [[acrylonitrile]]. The process involves the ammoxidation of propylene, which yields acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, and acetonitrile. The acetonitrile is then separated and purified for use.

==Applications==
Acetonitrile is widely used in the [[pharmaceutical industry]] as a solvent for the synthesis of various drugs. It is also used in the production of [[pesticides]], [[perfumes]], and [[rubber]] products. In the laboratory, it is a common solvent for [[high-performance liquid chromatography]] (HPLC) due to its low UV absorbance and miscibility with water.

==Safety==
Acetonitrile is classified as a hazardous chemical. It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Exposure to acetonitrile can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Ingestion or inhalation of large amounts can lead to cyanide poisoning, as acetonitrile is metabolized to hydrogen cyanide in the body.

==Environmental Impact==
Acetonitrile is considered to have low environmental persistence. It is readily biodegradable and does not bioaccumulate. However, its release into the environment should be minimized to prevent potential harm to aquatic life.

==Related pages==
* [[Acrylonitrile]]
* [[Nitrile]]
* [[Solvent]]
* [[High-performance liquid chromatography]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Asetonitril.png|Structure of acetonitrile
</gallery>

[[Category:Organic compounds]]
[[Category:Nitriles]]
[[Category:Solvents]]

Acetonitrile - Revision history

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