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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:56, 13 February 2025
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	APP-FUBINACA		== APP-FUBINACA ==

	[[File:APP-FUBINACA.png\|thumb\|Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA]]		[[File:APP-FUBINACA.png\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA]]

	'''APP-FUBINACA''' is a synthetic cannabinoid that ~~has been used~~ as ~~a designer drug. It is~~ a potent agonist of the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s and ~~has been associated with various adverse effects~~ in ~~humans~~.		'''APP-FUBINACA''' is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a potent agonist of the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s. It is part of a class of compounds that are often used in the production of [[designer drugs]] and are sometimes found in products marketed as "[[synthetic cannabis]]".

	==Chemical ~~Structure and~~ Properties==		== Chemical Properties ==
	APP-FUBINACA is a member of the [[indazole]] family of synthetic cannabinoids. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as [[AB-FUBINACA]] and [[ADB-FUBINACA]]. The chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA includes a 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide core, which is a common feature among many synthetic cannabinoids.

	~~==Pharmacology==~~		APP-FUBINACA is chemically classified as an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as [[AB-FUBINACA]] and [[ADB-FUBINACA]]. The compound is known for its high affinity and efficacy at the [[CB1 receptor]], which is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects associated with cannabinoids.
	APP-FUBINACA ~~acts~~ as ~~a potent agonist at the~~ [[~~CB1 receptor\|CB1~~]] and [[~~CB2 receptor\|CB2~~]] ~~cannabinoid receptors~~. ~~These receptors are part of~~ the [[~~endocannabinoid system~~]], which ~~plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including mood, memory, and pain sensation. The activation of these receptors by APP-FUBINACA can lead to~~ psychoactive effects ~~similar to those of [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the active component of [[cannabis]]~~.

	==~~Effects and Toxicity~~==		== Pharmacology ==
	The use of APP-FUBINACA has been associated with a range of adverse effects. Users may experience symptoms such as [[tachycardia]], [[hypertension]], [[hallucinations]], and [[seizures]]. In severe cases, the use of APP-FUBINACA can lead to [[coma]] or even [[death]]. The variability in effects is partly due to differences in individual metabolism and the presence of other substances.

	~~==Legal Status==~~		APP-FUBINACA acts as a full agonist at the [[CB1 receptor]] and [[CB2 receptor]], with a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. This interaction leads to the activation of the [[endocannabinoid system]], resulting in effects that mimic those of [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the primary psychoactive component of [[cannabis]].
	~~Due to its potential for abuse and adverse health effects,~~ APP-FUBINACA ~~has been classified~~ as a ~~controlled substance in many countries~~. ~~It is often included~~ in ~~legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other~~ [[~~novel~~ psychoactive ~~substances~~]].

	==Synthesis ~~and Detection~~==		=== Effects ===
	The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of 4-fluorobenzyl ~~chloride with indazole-3-carboxylic acid, followed by amide formation~~. ~~Detection~~ of APP-FUBINACA ~~in biological samples~~ can ~~be challenging due~~ to ~~its structural similarity to other synthetic cannabinoids~~. ~~Advanced analytical techniques such as~~ [[~~mass spectrometry~~]] and [[~~gas chromatography~~]] ~~are often employed for its identification~~.
			The effects of APP-FUBINACA can include euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, and increased appetite. However, due to its potency, it can also cause adverse effects such as anxiety, paranoia, tachycardia, and in severe cases, [[psychosis]] or [[seizures]].

			== Legal Status ==

			Due to its potential for abuse and lack of medical use, APP-FUBINACA is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other [[new psychoactive substances]] (NPS).

			== Synthesis ==

			The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of an indazole core with a fluorobenzyl group and a carboxamide moiety. The process requires specialized knowledge in organic chemistry and access to controlled precursors.

			== Health Risks ==

			The use of APP-FUBINACA is associated with significant health risks. Overdose can lead to severe [[cardiovascular]] and [[neurological]] complications. Long-term use may result in [[addiction]] and [[cognitive impairment]].

			== Related Pages ==

	~~==Related pages==~~
	* [[Synthetic cannabinoids]]		* [[Synthetic cannabinoids]]
	* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]		* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]
	* [[Designer ~~drug~~]]		* [[Designer drugs]]
	* [[Endocannabinoid system]]		* [[Endocannabinoid system]]

	[[Category:Synthetic cannabinoids]]		[[Category:Synthetic cannabinoids]]
	[[Category:Designer drugs]]		[[Category:Designer drugs]]

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APP-FUBINACA

[[File:APP-FUBINACA.png|thumb|Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA]]

'''APP-FUBINACA''' is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been used as a designer drug. It is a potent agonist of the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s and has been associated with various adverse effects in humans.

==Chemical Structure and Properties==
APP-FUBINACA is a member of the [[indazole]] family of synthetic cannabinoids. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as [[AB-FUBINACA]] and [[ADB-FUBINACA]]. The chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA includes a 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide core, which is a common feature among many synthetic cannabinoids.

==Pharmacology==
APP-FUBINACA acts as a potent agonist at the [[CB1 receptor|CB1]] and [[CB2 receptor|CB2]] cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are part of the [[endocannabinoid system]], which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including mood, memory, and pain sensation. The activation of these receptors by APP-FUBINACA can lead to psychoactive effects similar to those of [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the active component of [[cannabis]].

==Effects and Toxicity==
The use of APP-FUBINACA has been associated with a range of adverse effects. Users may experience symptoms such as [[tachycardia]], [[hypertension]], [[hallucinations]], and [[seizures]]. In severe cases, the use of APP-FUBINACA can lead to [[coma]] or even [[death]]. The variability in effects is partly due to differences in individual metabolism and the presence of other substances.

==Legal Status==
Due to its potential for abuse and adverse health effects, APP-FUBINACA has been classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other [[novel psychoactive substances]].

==Synthesis and Detection==
The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of 4-fluorobenzyl chloride with indazole-3-carboxylic acid, followed by amide formation. Detection of APP-FUBINACA in biological samples can be challenging due to its structural similarity to other synthetic cannabinoids. Advanced analytical techniques such as [[mass spectrometry]] and [[gas chromatography]] are often employed for its identification.

==Related pages==
* [[Synthetic cannabinoids]]
* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]
* [[Designer drug]]
* [[Endocannabinoid system]]

[[Category:Synthetic cannabinoids]]
[[Category:Designer drugs]]

APP-FUBINACA - Revision history

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