Editing P110α

'''P110α''' is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme [[phosphoinositide 3-kinase]] (PI3K). It is encoded by the gene [[PIK3CA]] in humans. P110α plays a crucial role in the [[cell signaling]] pathway and is involved in various cellular functions such as [[cell growth]], [[cell proliferation]], [[cell differentiation]], [[cell survival]], [[intracellular trafficking]], and [[cell migration]].

== Structure ==
P110α is a 110 kDa protein that is composed of 1068 amino acids. It has five domains: an adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2 domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The [[kinase domain]] is responsible for the enzyme's catalytic activity.

== Function ==
P110α, together with the regulatory subunit p85, forms the class IA PI3Ks. These enzymes are activated by [[receptor tyrosine kinases]] (RTKs) and [[G-protein coupled receptors]] (GPCRs). Upon activation, PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 acts as a second messenger that initiates a series of downstream signaling events, leading to the activation of [[Akt]] and [[mTOR]] pathways. These pathways regulate various cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, survival, and migration.

== Clinical significance ==
Mutations in the PIK3CA gene that encodes P110α are frequently found in various types of [[cancer]], including [[breast cancer]], [[colorectal cancer]], and [[lung cancer]]. These mutations often result in the constitutive activation of PI3K, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, P110α is considered a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

== See also ==
* [[Phosphoinositide 3-kinase]]
* [[PIK3CA]]
* [[Cell signaling]]
* [[Cancer]]

[[Category:Enzymes]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Cancer]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

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