Phlebolith

Phlebolith is a small local, usually rounded, calcification within a vein. These are very common in the veins of the lower part of the pelvis, and they are generally of no clinical importance. When located in the pelvis they are sometimes difficult to differentiate from kidney stones in the ureters on X-ray.

Causes

Phleboliths in the pelvic region are caused by venous stasis, which is a slowing of the blood flow in the veins. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including pregnancy, obesity, and aging. Other causes can include thrombophlebitis, which is inflammation of the veins, and varicose veins.

Symptoms

Phleboliths themselves do not typically cause symptoms. However, they can be associated with other conditions that do cause symptoms. For example, they are often found in people with hemorrhoids, which can cause pain, itching, and rectal bleeding. Phleboliths can also be associated with varicose veins, which can cause leg pain and swelling.

Diagnosis

Phleboliths are usually discovered incidentally during an X-ray for another condition. They appear as small, rounded calcifications and are often located in the pelvic region. A CT scan or ultrasound may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment is usually not necessary for phleboliths unless they are causing symptoms or are associated with other conditions that require treatment. In some cases, if the phleboliths are associated with varicose veins, treatment may involve procedures to remove or close the veins.

See also

• Venous stasis
• Thrombophlebitis
• Varicose veins
• Hemorrhoids

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