Monasticism

Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from μόνος, monos, 'alone') is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Similar forms of religious life also exist in other faiths, most notably in Buddhism, but also in Hinduism and Jainism, although the expressions differ considerably.

Origins and development

The concept of monasticism in the Western world was born in Egypt. It was established by Christian monks during the 4th century. Western monasticism is deeply rooted in the theology of Paul the Apostle, who encouraged man to seek individual salvation and to pursue a life of faith and prayer.

Christian monasticism

Christian monasticism is the devotional practice of individuals who live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship. It began to develop early in the history of the Christian Church, modeled upon scriptural examples and ideals, including those in the Old Testament, but not mandated as an institution in the scriptures.

Eastern Christian monasticism

Eastern Christian monasticism developed different rules and practices. The Eastern Orthodox Church has its own tradition which emerged around the writings of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John Chrysostom.

Western Christian monasticism

Western Christian monasticism is one of the (if not the) most fundamental institutions in the history of the church. It was fostered by St. Benedict of Nursia, who wrote his Rule, which became the most common set of guidelines for monasteries of the Western Church.

Buddhist monasticism

Buddhist monasticism is a fundamental institution of Buddhism. Monks and nuns, called bhikkhu (Pāli) or bhikṣu (Sanskrit) and bhikkhuni (Sanskrit) or bhikṣuṇī (Pāli), are ordained members of the Buddhist community.

Hindu monasticism

Hindu monasticism is a traditional form of monasticism that was established in India. It is structured around the idea of renunciation where men and women leave their homes and families to live a life in the pursuit of spiritual liberation.

Jain monasticism

Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community. The term Jain asceticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community.

See also

• Cenobitic monasticism
• Hermit
• Asceticism
• Anchorite
• Religious order

External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: Monasticism

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