Invertase
Invertase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of sucrose (table sugar). The enzyme is widely distributed in plants, yeast, and honey bees, where it plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism. Invertase is also industrially important in the production of invert sugar and in the confectionery industry.
Structure
Invertase is a type of enzyme known as a hydrolase, which means it works by adding water to a substrate molecule to break it down. The enzyme is a protein, and like all proteins, it is made up of amino acids. The specific sequence of amino acids in invertase determines its three-dimensional structure and its function.
Function
The primary function of invertase is to break down sucrose into its component parts, glucose and fructose. This process is known as hydrolysis. In plants, invertase plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism, helping to convert stored sucrose into glucose and fructose for energy. In yeast and honey bees, invertase is used to break down sucrose in their diet into simpler sugars that can be more easily absorbed and used for energy.
Industrial Use
Invertase is used in the food industry to produce invert sugar, a type of sugar that is less likely to crystallize and is sweeter than regular sugar. This makes it ideal for use in confectionery and baking. Invertase is also used in the production of alcohol and biofuels, where it helps to break down complex sugars into simpler ones that can be fermented.
Health Effects
While invertase is generally considered safe for consumption, it can cause digestive issues in some people, particularly if consumed in large amounts. Symptoms can include bloating, gas, and diarrhea. People with diabetes or other blood sugar issues should also be cautious, as invert sugar can cause blood sugar levels to spike.
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