Homophobia

Homophobia refers to a range of negative attitudes, feelings, or actions against homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). It can be expressed as antipathy, contempt, prejudice, aversion, or hatred, may be based on irrational fear, and is sometimes related to religious beliefs.

Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior such as discrimination and violence on the basis of sexual orientations that are non-heterosexual. Recognized types of homophobia include institutionalized homophobia, e.g. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, and internalized homophobia, experienced by people who have same-sex attractions, regardless of how they identify.

Causes

The causes of homophobia are complex and can vary considerably. They may include personal experiences, beliefs, upbringing, religion, and community attitudes. Some people may have negative attitudes towards homosexuality because they have little or no personal contact with people who are openly LGBT. Others may hold homophobic beliefs because of the teachings of their religion or cultural traditions.

Effects

The effects of homophobia can be severe and far-reaching. It can lead to discrimination in the workplace, housing, and public accommodations. It can also lead to violence against people who are perceived to be LGBT, including physical assault, sexual assault, and hate crimes. Homophobia can also have serious effects on the mental and physical health of people who are targeted, including depression, anxiety, and increased risk of suicide.

Prevention and Intervention

Prevention and intervention strategies for homophobia include education, advocacy, and legal protections. Education can help to dispel myths and misconceptions about homosexuality and can promote understanding and acceptance. Advocacy can help to raise awareness about the harmful effects of homophobia and can promote policies and practices that are inclusive and affirming of all sexual orientations. Legal protections can help to prevent discrimination and violence and can promote equal rights and opportunities for people of all sexual orientations.

See Also

• LGBT
• Discrimination
• Hate crime
• Mental health

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