Deviance

Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms and expectations. It is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from minor infractions such as dressing inappropriately for an occasion, to major crimes such as murder. Deviance can be understood in relation to the social context in which it occurs, as what is considered deviant can vary greatly from one society to another and can change over time.

Definition

Deviance is defined as behavior that is contrary to the standards of conduct or expectations of a given group or society. It is behavior that is seen as "different" or "abnormal" and is therefore subject to social disapproval or punishment. Deviance can be criminal (violating formal laws) or non-criminal (violating informal social norms).

Theories of Deviance

There are several theories of deviance that seek to explain why individuals engage in deviant behavior. These include:

• Structural Functionalism: This theory suggests that deviance serves a purpose in society by reinforcing norms and promoting social cohesion.
• Conflict Theory: This theory views deviance as a result of social inequality and power struggles.
• Symbolic Interactionism: This theory focuses on how individuals learn deviant behavior through interaction with others.

Types of Deviance

Deviance can be categorized into different types, including:

• Primary Deviance: This refers to initial acts of deviance that a person engages in without viewing themselves as deviant.
• Secondary Deviance: This refers to deviance that occurs as a result of being labeled as deviant by society.
• Positive Deviance: This refers to behavior that deviates from the norm in a positive or beneficial way.

Social Control and Deviance

Social control is the means by which society regulates individual and group behavior. It can be formal (laws and regulations) or informal (social norms and expectations). Deviance is often a result of a failure of social control.

See Also

• Crime
• Sociology
• Social Norms
• Social Control

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