Vertebrae
Vertebrae
Vertebrae (pronunciation: /ˈvɜːrtɪbriː/) are the individual bones that interlock with each other to form the spinal column.
Etymology
The term "vertebrae" is derived from the Latin word "vertebra", which means a joint or something to turn. It was first used in English in the early 17th century.
Definition
Vertebrae are the 33 individual bones that stack up to form the vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine. They are divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx. Each vertebra is named for the first letter of its region and its position along the superior-inferior axis.
Structure
Each vertebra consists of two parts: an anterior segment, the vertebral body, and a posterior part, the vertebral arch. These parts together enclose the vertebral foramen, which contains the spinal cord. The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes, four articular, two transverse, and one spinous.
Function
The primary function of the vertebrae is protecting the spinal cord, which is the main avenue for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. They also provide structural support and balance for the body, and enable flexible movement.
Related Terms
- Spinal column: The collective name for the vertebrae stacked vertically to form a column.
- Spinal cord: The bundle of nerve fibers and tissue which is enclosed in the spine and connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain.
- Vertebral column: Another term for the spinal column.
- Vertebral body: The thick oval segment of bone forming the front of the vertebra.
- Vertebral arch: The posterior part of a vertebra, enclosing the vertebral foramen.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Vertebrae
- Wikipedia's article - Vertebrae
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