Up-and-down procedure

The Up-and-down procedure (pronunciation: /ʌp ænd daʊn prəˈsiːdʒər/) is a method used in pharmacology and anesthesiology to determine the median effective dose (ED50) or the median lethal dose (LD50) of a drug. The procedure is also known as the Dixon's up-and-down method after its developer, W.J. Dixon.

Etymology

The term "up-and-down procedure" is derived from the method's process, which involves increasing (up) or decreasing (down) the dosage of a drug based on the response of the previous subject. The term was first used in this context by W.J. Dixon in 1965.

Procedure

The up-and-down procedure begins with the administration of a drug at a certain dose to a subject. If the subject shows a positive response, the dose is decreased (down) for the next subject. If the subject shows a negative response, the dose is increased (up) for the next subject. This process is repeated until a dose is found that produces a positive response in 50% of the subjects, which is the ED50 or LD50.

Related Terms

Dose-response relationship: The relationship between the dose of a drug and the response it produces.
Therapeutic index: The ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug.
Pharmacodynamics: The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacokinetics: The study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Up-and-down procedure
Wikipedia's article - Up-and-down procedure

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Up-and-down procedure