Tuatara
Tuatara
Tuatara (/tuːəˈtɑːrə/; from Maori tuatara) are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Although resembling most lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia.
Etymology
The name "tuatara" originates from the Maori language, and it translates to "peaks on the back".
Description
Tuatara are greenish brown and gray, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back, especially pronounced in males. Their dentition, in which two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw, is unique among living species.
Habitat
They are able to withstand cooler weather than most reptiles, and they hibernate during winter. They are also nocturnal, and known to be active at temperatures as low as 7 °C (45 °F). Tuatara are found only in New Zealand, and are not found in any other parts of the world.
Diet
Tuatara are carnivorous, feeding on invertebrates, birds, and eggs. They have been known to live for over 100 years.
Reproduction
Tuatara reproduce very slowly, taking 10 to 20 years to reach sexual maturity. Males do not have a penis, they reproduce by cloacal contact.
Conservation
Tuatara are considered a threatened species and are protected by law in New Zealand. Conservation efforts are in place to protect their natural habitats and to breed them in captivity.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Tuatara
- Wikipedia's article - Tuatara
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