Tophi

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Tophi

Tophi (pronunciation: /ˈtɒfaɪ/; singular: tophus) are deposits of monosodium urate crystals that occur in people with long-standing high levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Tophi are a hallmark of a type of arthritis known as gout.

Etymology

The term 'tophi' is derived from the Greek word 'tophos', meaning 'stone'. It was first used in this context by the English physician Thomas Sydenham in the 17th century.

Description

Tophi are nodular masses that usually deposit around the joints, in the skin, and in other tissues. They are often found in the outer edge of the ear, the elbows, the knees, the fingers and toes, and the Achilles tendons. However, they can form in any part of the body.

Symptoms and Complications

Tophi themselves are not usually painful, but they can cause discomfort and pain when they become large or when they are located near a nerve. They can also cause joint damage and deformity, and can lead to other complications such as kidney stones and kidney disease if not treated.

Treatment

Treatment for tophi involves managing the underlying hyperuricemia to prevent new tophi from forming and to shrink existing ones. This can be achieved through medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.

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