Thyroid hormone

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Thyroid hormone

The Thyroid hormone (pronunciation: /ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈhoʊrmoʊn/) is a type of hormone primarily released by the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in the body's metabolism, growth, and development.

Etymology

The term "thyroid" comes from the Greek word "thyreos", meaning "shield", due to the gland's shield-like shape. The term "hormone" is derived from the Greek word "hormon", meaning "to set in motion".

Function

Thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), regulate the body's metabolic rate. They influence the rate at which cells burn energy, affecting weight, energy level, and mood. They also play a vital role in the growth and development of the body, particularly during infancy and childhood.

Production and Regulation

The production of thyroid hormones is regulated by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TRH, produced in the hypothalamus, stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH. TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones.

Related Terms

  • Hyperthyroidism: A condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones.
  • Hypothyroidism: A condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to insufficient production of thyroid hormones.
  • Goiter: An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
  • Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
  • Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland.

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