Tertiary syphilis

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Tertiary Syphilis

Tertiary syphilis (pronunciation: /tɜːr.ʃiː.er.iː ˈsɪf.ɪ.lɪs/) is the final stage of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Etymology

The term "tertiary" comes from the Latin "tertiarius," meaning "of a third," indicating the third stage of the disease. "Syphilis" is named after the character Syphilus from the poem Syphilis sive morbus gallicus by Girolamo Fracastoro, an Italian physician and poet.

Definition

Tertiary syphilis refers to the late manifestations of syphilis infection, which can occur years or decades after the initial infection. It is characterized by severe complications involving multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Symptoms

Symptoms of tertiary syphilis can vary widely and may include gummas (soft, tumor-like growths), cardiovascular syphilis, and neurosyphilis.

  • Gummas: These are soft, non-cancerous growths that can develop on the skin, bones, liver, or any other organ.
  • Cardiovascular syphilis: This can result in aneurysms, inflammation of the aorta, and aortic valve disease.
  • Neurosyphilis: This can lead to a variety of neurological problems, such as stroke, meningitis, hearing loss, visual problems, and dementia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis typically involves blood tests to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. In some cases, a sample from a gumma may be examined under a microscope. If neurosyphilis is suspected, a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) may be performed to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment

Treatment for tertiary syphilis typically involves intravenous antibiotics, often penicillin G or ceftriaxone, for a period of 10 to 14 days. In cases of penicillin allergy, doxycycline or tetracycline may be used.

Prevention

Prevention of tertiary syphilis involves early detection and treatment of primary and secondary syphilis. Regular screening for syphilis is recommended for individuals at high risk, including those with multiple sexual partners, men who have sex with men, and individuals with HIV.

External links

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