Temperament
Temperament
Temperament (/ˈtɛmərəmənt/), from the Latin temperare meaning "to mix", is a term used in psychology to describe an individual's inherent personality traits, behaviors, and reactions to stimuli. It is often considered as the biological or genetic component of personality, distinct from learned behavior.
Etymology
The term temperament originates from the Latin temperare, which means "to mix". This term was used in ancient times to describe the balance of the four humors in the body - blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. The balance of these humors was believed to determine a person's temperament.
Types of Temperament
There are several models of temperament, including:
- Hippocratic temperament theory: This is the oldest model of temperament, proposed by Hippocrates, which suggests that there are four basic types of temperament - sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. Each of these types is associated with a different balance of the four humors.
- Eysenck's temperament theory: Proposed by Hans Eysenck, this model suggests that there are three basic dimensions of temperament - extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
- Five-Factor Model: This model, also known as the Big Five, suggests that there are five basic dimensions of personality - openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Related Terms
- Personality: The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.
- Trait theory: A psychological framework that attempts to identify the traits that form human personality.
- Behavior: The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others.
- Psychology: The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Temperament
- Wikipedia's article - Temperament
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