Superoxide
Superoxide
Superoxide (pronounced soo-per-OK-side) is a compound that contains the superoxide anion with the chemical formula O2−. The systematic name of the superoxide anion is dioxide(1−).
Etymology
The term "superoxide" is derived from the prefix "super-" indicating the compound's nature of being a higher oxidation state of oxygen, and "oxide", referring to the compound containing one or more oxygen atoms.
Definition
Superoxide is a type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is formed in biological systems during the reduction of molecular oxygen. It is a free radical and is involved in several biological processes, including cell signaling and apoptosis.
Biological Role
In biological systems, superoxide is produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism and, if not regulated, causes many types of cell damage. However, cells contain a variety of mechanisms to manage superoxide, including enzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SOD) which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Health Implications
Superoxide is also implicated in inflammation, aging, and various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. It is believed that superoxide dismutase activity and its related oxidative stress can be a measure of disease severity and can predict outcomes in certain diseases.
Related Terms
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
- Oxidative Stress
- Free Radicals
- Antioxidants
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Superoxide
- Wikipedia's article - Superoxide
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