Substrate
Substrate (Medicine)
Substrate (/ˈsʌbstreɪt/; from Latin substratum, meaning "layer below") is a term used in various branches of medicine and biology to denote the natural material upon which an enzyme acts to form a product.
Etymology
The term "substrate" is derived from the Latin substratum, which means "layer below". In the context of biochemistry, it refers to the substance upon which an enzyme acts.
Definition
In biochemistry, a substrate is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate(s). In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or more products, which are then released from the active site. The active site is now free to accept another substrate molecule.
In pharmacology, substrate is a term used to describe a molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme or transporter protein in the body.
Related Terms
- Enzyme: A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
- Active Site: The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
- Product (biochemistry): The species formed from chemical reactions, in this case, the species formed from the enzymatic reaction.
- Transporter Protein: A protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Substrate
- Wikipedia's article - Substrate
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