Soil biology
Soil Biology
Soil biology (pronunciation: /sɔɪl baɪˈɒlədʒi/) is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil.
Etymology
The term "soil biology", was first used in the early 20th century, deriving from the Latin words "solum" meaning "ground" and "bios" meaning "life".
Definition
Soil biology involves the study of organisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed to be vital in determining many soil characteristics. The decomposition of organic matter by soil organisms has an immense influence on soil fertility, plant growth, soil structure, and carbon storage.
Related Terms
- Soil Microorganisms: These are the bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae that spend all or part of their life cycle within the soil. They play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil formation.
- Soil Fauna: This refers to the animals that live in the soil. They range in size from microscopic mites and nematodes to larger creatures like earthworms and moles.
- Soil Fertility: This is the ability of soil to sustain plant growth by providing essential nutrients to plants.
- Soil Structure: This is the arrangement of soil particles into small clumps, called "peds". Much like soil fertility, soil structure can be influenced by soil biology.
- Carbon Storage: This is the process by which CO2 is captured from the atmosphere and stored in the world's soils. Soil biology plays a significant role in this process.
- Organic Matter: This is material that comes from the remains of plants and animals in the soil. Organic matter is a major component of soil and an important factor in soil health.
- Nutrient Cycling: This is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter. Soil biology plays a crucial role in this process.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Soil biology
- Wikipedia's article - Soil biology
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