Short-term memory
Short-term memory
'Short-term memory (STM), also known as primary or active memory, is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. The duration of STM seems to be between 15 to 30 seconds, and the capacity about 7 items.
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ʃɔːrt tɜːrm ˈmɛməri/
Etymology
The term "short-term memory" is derived from the words "short-term" meaning occurring over or involving a relatively short period of time, and "memory" from the Latin memoria, meaning mindful or remembering.
Definition
Short-term memory is a cognitive system that retains information for brief periods. It is a crucial component of the working memory model proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974.
Related Terms
- Working memory: A cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior.
- Long-term memory: The final stage of the dual memory model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, used for the storage of information over extended periods of time.
- Memory span: The longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials.
- Chunking (psychology): A process by which individual pieces of an information set are broken down and then grouped together in a meaningful whole.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Short-term memory
- Wikipedia's article - Short-term memory
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