Semiconductor

A Semiconductor (/ˈsɛmɪkənˈdʌktər/) is a type of material that has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistance decreases as its temperature increases, which is behavior opposite to that of a metal. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by the deliberate, controlled introduction of impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure, which lowers its resistance but also permits the creation of semiconductor devices.

Etymology

The term "semiconductor" is derived from the Latin semiconductus. Semi- means "half" or "partially", and -conductus means "lead" or "conducted". The term was coined by Alessandro Volta in 1782.

Related Terms

Doping (semiconductor): The process of adding impurities to semiconductors to alter their properties.
Semiconductor device: An electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor materials.
Semiconductor materials: A material that has electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator.
Conductor (electricity): A material that allows electric charge to move freely.
Insulator (electricity): A material that resists the flow of electric current.
Resistance (electricity): The opposition to the passage of an electric current.
Electrical conductivity: The measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.