Scleritis

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Scleritis

Scleritis (/sklɛˈraɪtɪs/) is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often linked to autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

Etymology

The term "scleritis" is derived from the Greek word "skleros", meaning hard, and the Latin suffix "-itis", which denotes inflammation. Thus, the term literally means "inflammation of the hard".

Symptoms

Symptoms of scleritis include severe eye pain, sensitivity to light (photophobia), decreased visual acuity, and a noticeable red or purple hue to the eye. The pain is typically severe and may increase with movement of the eyes.

Causes

Scleritis is often associated with underlying autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and lupus. However, in some cases, the cause of scleritis may be unknown (idiopathic).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of scleritis involves a thorough eye examination, including a slit lamp examination. Additional tests may be required to identify any underlying conditions, such as blood tests or imaging studies.

Treatment

Treatment for scleritis typically involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid eye drops, and in severe cases, immunosuppressive drugs. In some cases, treatment of the underlying condition can help manage the symptoms of scleritis.

Related Terms

  • Episcleritis: A less severe inflammation of the episclera, the layer of tissue between the conjunctiva and the sclera.
  • Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye.
  • Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye.

External links

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