River blindness
River blindness
River blindness, also known as Onchocerciasis (pronounced on-koh-ser-KY-uh-sis), is a disease caused by the parasite Onchocerca volvulus. It is a major cause of blindness worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Etymology
The term "river blindness" comes from the fact that the disease is often found in communities living near fast-flowing rivers, where the blackfly (Simulium) that transmits the parasite is most common. The scientific name, Onchocerca volvulus, is derived from the Greek words "onkos" (hook) and "kyklos" (circle), referring to the shape of the adult worms, and the Latin "volvulus" (to roll), referring to the way the worms coil up in nodules under the skin.
Symptoms
The symptoms of river blindness include severe itching, skin rashes, and eye lesions that can lead to blindness. Other symptoms may include nodules under the skin, changes in skin color, and vision loss.
Treatment
Treatment for river blindness involves taking antiparasitic drugs, such as Ivermectin, which can kill the immature worms and prevent further damage to the eyes and skin. In severe cases, surgical removal of the nodules may be necessary.
Prevention
Prevention of river blindness is primarily through control of the blackfly population and the use of protective clothing and insect repellents to avoid blackfly bites. Mass drug administration programs also play a key role in preventing the spread of the disease.
Related terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on River blindness
- Wikipedia's article - River blindness
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