Refractive error
Refractive Error
Refractive error (pronunciation: /rɪˈfræktɪv ˈɛrər/) is a common eye condition that affects the ability of the eye to focus light correctly on the retina. This condition is often the result of an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, which prevents light from focusing properly, leading to blurred vision.
Etymology
The term "refractive error" is derived from the Latin word "refractus", which means "broken up", and the English word "error", which refers to a mistake or inaccuracy. This term was first used in the medical field in the late 19th century to describe conditions that affect the eye's ability to refract or bend light correctly.
Types of Refractive Errors
There are four primary types of refractive errors:
- Myopia (nearsightedness): This is a condition where the eye does not bend or refract light properly, making distant objects appear blurred.
- Hyperopia (farsightedness): This is a condition where the eye over-bends or over-refracts light, making close objects appear blurred.
- Astigmatism: This is a condition where the eye does not evenly refract light due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, causing blurred vision at all distances.
- Presbyopia: This is a condition that affects the eye's ability to focus on close objects. It is often associated with aging.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Refractive errors are typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. This may include a visual acuity test, a refraction test, and an examination of the eye's structure using a slit lamp.
Treatment for refractive errors may include the use of corrective lenses, such as glasses or contact lenses, or surgical procedures such as LASIK or PRK.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Refractive error
- Wikipedia's article - Refractive error
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