Recombinant proteins
Recombinant Proteins
Recombinant proteins (pronunciation: /riːˈkɒmbɪnənt ˈproʊtiːnz/) are proteins that are derived from recombinant DNA technology. This involves the insertion of a DNA sequence coding for a protein of interest into a plasmid or other vector, and the subsequent propagation of the vector in a host organism.
Etymology
The term "recombinant" comes from the process of recombination, where DNA molecules from different sources are combined in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. The term "protein" is derived from the Greek word "proteios", meaning "primary" or "in the lead".
Related Terms
- Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
- Protein expression: The process by which proteins are synthesized, modified and regulated in living organisms.
- Gene cloning: The process of making multiple, identical copies of a particular gene.
- Host cell: The cell in which a vector can replicate and express the gene it carries.
Process
The process of producing recombinant proteins involves several steps. First, the gene of interest is inserted into a vector, usually a plasmid. This is done using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. The vector is then introduced into a host organism, often a bacterium such as Escherichia coli or yeast. The host organism is then grown in a controlled environment, allowing it to replicate and express the protein of interest. The protein can then be isolated and purified for use in various applications.
Applications
Recombinant proteins have a wide range of applications in research, medicine, and industry. They are used in the production of insulin, growth hormones, and vaccines, among other things. In research, they are used to study protein structure and function, and in industry, they are used in the production of enzymes for use in detergents, food processing, and biofuel production.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Recombinant proteins
- Wikipedia's article - Recombinant proteins
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