Protein energy malnutrition
Protein-energy malnutrition
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of protein and calorie intake.
Pronunciation
Protein-energy malnutrition: /ˈproʊtiːn ˈɛnərdʒi ˌmælnʊˈtrɪʃən/
Etymology
The term "protein-energy malnutrition" is derived from the fact that it is caused by a deficiency in protein and energy in the diet. The term "malnutrition" is derived from the Latin "mal" meaning "bad" and "nutrire" meaning "to nourish".
Definition
Protein-energy malnutrition occurs when the body does not get enough protein and energy, leading to a variety of health problems including weight loss, muscle wasting, weakened immunity, and organ damage. It is most commonly seen in children in developing countries where food is scarce, but can also occur in individuals with certain diseases or eating disorders.
Types
There are two main types of protein-energy malnutrition: kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is characterized by adequate energy intake but insufficient protein intake, leading to edema, fatty liver, and skin and hair changes. Marasmus is characterized by insufficient intake of both energy and protein, leading to severe weight loss and muscle wasting.
Causes
Protein-energy malnutrition is caused by a lack of protein and energy in the diet. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including food scarcity, poor diet, certain diseases, and eating disorders.
Treatment
Treatment for protein-energy malnutrition involves providing the individual with a balanced diet that includes sufficient amounts of protein and energy. This may involve the use of nutritional supplements or therapeutic foods. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Protein energy malnutrition
- Wikipedia's article - Protein energy malnutrition
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