Protein (nutrient)

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Protein (nutrient)

Protein (pronounced: /ˈproʊtiːn/) is a crucial nutrient required by the human body for growth and maintenance. The term 'protein' is derived from the Greek word 'proteios', meaning 'primary' or 'in the lead'.

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains.

Types of Protein

There are three types of proteins: fibrous, globular, and membrane.

  • Fibrous proteins are structural proteins. For example, collagen and elastin provide support for connective tissues.
  • Globular proteins are more water-soluble than other classes of proteins and have several functions including transport, enzymes, and antibodies. Examples include hemoglobin and insulin.
  • Membrane proteins function as receptors or channels for polar or charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane.

Protein Sources

Proteins are found in various foods. The best sources are beef, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds, and legumes like black beans and lentils.

Protein Deficiency

A lack of protein in a person's diet can lead to a disease known as kwashiorkor, characterized by a swollen stomach. It is most common in regions where people consume a diet largely made up of corn, rice, or other plants that contain low amounts of essential amino acids.

Protein Excess

While protein is an essential nutrient that the body needs to function, consuming too much can lead to health problems such as kidney damage and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

See Also

External links

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