Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (Pronunciation: pro-gres-iv mul-ti-fo-cal loo-ko-en-sef-a-lop-a-thi) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage or inflammation of the white matter of the brain at multiple locations (leukoencephalopathy).

Etymology

The term "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy" is derived from the nature of its progression. "Progressive" refers to the disease's continual advancement, "multifocal" indicates that it affects multiple areas, and "leukoencephalopathy" refers to the type of brain tissue (white matter) that is affected.

Causes

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), a common virus that is harmless in most people but can cause disease in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy can vary widely depending on the area of the brain affected. They may include motor deficits, visual impairment, cognitive decline, and ataxia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy typically involves MRI scans to identify lesions in the brain, along with tests to detect the presence of the JC virus.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Treatment primarily involves attempts to boost the immune system and slow the progression of the disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is generally poor, with most individuals passing away within months of diagnosis.

See Also

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