Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (Pronunciation: pro-gres-iv mul-ti-fo-cal loo-ko-en-sef-a-lop-a-thi) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage or inflammation of the white matter of the brain at multiple locations (leukoencephalopathy).
Etymology
The term "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy" is derived from the nature of its progression. "Progressive" refers to the disease's continual advancement, "multifocal" indicates that it affects multiple areas, and "leukoencephalopathy" refers to the type of brain tissue (white matter) that is affected.
Causes
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), a common virus that is harmless in most people but can cause disease in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy can vary widely depending on the area of the brain affected. They may include motor deficits, visual impairment, cognitive decline, and ataxia.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy typically involves MRI scans to identify lesions in the brain, along with tests to detect the presence of the JC virus.
Treatment
There is currently no cure for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Treatment primarily involves attempts to boost the immune system and slow the progression of the disease.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is generally poor, with most individuals passing away within months of diagnosis.
See Also
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