Primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pronounced as pri-mair-ee hi-per-par-uh-thy-roid-iz-uhm) is a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more of the parathyroid glands.
Etymology
The term "hyperparathyroidism" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over, "para" meaning beside, and "thyroid" referring to the thyroid gland. The term "primary" is used to distinguish this condition from secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, which are caused by other underlying conditions.
Symptoms
The excess PTH in the bloodstream can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause a variety of symptoms such as kidney stones, osteoporosis, abdominal pain, depression, and fatigue.
Causes
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a benign tumor or adenoma in one of the parathyroid glands. Less commonly, it can be caused by hyperplasia (enlargement) of the parathyroid glands or by a parathyroid carcinoma (a rare type of cancer).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism typically involves blood tests to measure levels of PTH and calcium. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may also be used to locate the affected parathyroid gland(s).
Treatment
Treatment options for primary hyperparathyroidism include surgery to remove the affected parathyroid gland(s), medication to lower blood calcium levels, and monitoring for people without symptoms or with mild disease.
Related Terms
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Parathyroidectomy
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Wikipedia's article - Primary hyperparathyroidism
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