Preservative
Preservative
Preservative (/prɪˈzɜːrvətɪv/) is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, wood, etc. to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
Etymology
The term "preservative" comes from the Latin word "praeservare" which means "to keep or guard before". It was first used in the English language in the 14th century.
Types of Preservatives
There are several types of preservatives used in various industries. Some of the most common ones include:
- Antimicrobial preservatives: These are substances that are added to products to prevent the growth of microbes. Examples include benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propionic acid.
- Antioxidant preservatives: These are substances that are added to products to prevent oxidation. Examples include ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
- Chelating agents: These are substances that are added to products to bind metal ions and prevent their catalytic activity. Examples include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid.
Uses of Preservatives
Preservatives are used in a wide range of products to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. Some of the most common uses include:
- Food preservation: Preservatives are used in food to prevent spoilage and maintain freshness. They can inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds that can cause food to spoil.
- Pharmaceuticals: Preservatives are used in pharmaceutical products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. They can also help to maintain the potency of the drug.
- Cosmetics: Preservatives are used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of microbes and extend the shelf life of the product.
- Wood preservation: Preservatives are used in wood to prevent decay and insect attack.
Related Terms
- Food additive
- Antimicrobial
- Antioxidant
- Chelating agent
- Food preservation
- Pharmaceutical preservation
- Cosmetic preservation
- Wood preservation
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Preservative
- Wikipedia's article - Preservative
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