Presentation (obstetrics)

Presentation in obstetrics refers to the part of the fetus that is leading in the birth canal during labor. Pronounced as /ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən/, the term is derived from the Latin word 'praesentatio' which means 'to show, present'.

Types of Presentation

There are three main types of fetal presentations:

1. Cephalic presentation: This is the most common type of presentation where the fetus's head leads the way. It occurs in about 95% of births.

2. Breech presentation: In this type, the fetus's buttocks or feet lead the way. It occurs in about 3-4% of births.

3. Shoulder presentation: This is the rarest type where the fetus's shoulder leads the way. It is also known as transverse lie and occurs in less than 1% of births.

Determination of Presentation

The presentation of the fetus can be determined through a physical examination by a healthcare provider, usually during the third trimester of pregnancy. It can also be confirmed through an ultrasound.

Factors Influencing Presentation

Several factors can influence the presentation of the fetus, including the size and shape of the mother's pelvis, the number of fetuses, the size of the fetus, and the amount of amniotic fluid.

Complications

While a cephalic presentation is generally the safest for the fetus, other presentations can lead to complications during labor and delivery, such as umbilical cord prolapse, birth trauma, and the need for a cesarean section.

Related Terms

Position (obstetrics): The orientation of the fetus's body parts in the womb.
Station (obstetrics): The descent of the fetus in the birth canal.
Engagement (obstetrics): The entrance of the fetal head into the pelvic brim.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Presentation (obstetrics)
Wikipedia's article - Presentation (obstetrics)

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Presentation (obstetrics)