Plasmodesma
Plasmodesma
Plasmodesma (pronunciation: plaz-mo-des-ma; plural: plasmodesmata) is a microscopic channel traversing the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells, allowing for direct communication between cells.
Etymology
The term "plasmodesma" is derived from the Greek words "plasma", meaning "something formed or molded", and "desma", meaning "a bond or band". It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the thread-like structures observed in plant cells.
Definition
A plasmodesma is a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them. It is a type of cell junction that is unique to plants and some algae.
Structure
The structure of a plasmodesma is complex and consists of a central desmotubule, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, surrounded by cytoplasmic sleeve that is continuous with the cytoplasm of the adjacent cells. The space between the desmotubule and the plasma membrane is filled with cytosol containing various solutes and macromolecules.
Function
The main function of plasmodesmata is to facilitate the transport of substances between plant cells. This includes the movement of small molecules such as sugars and ions, as well as larger molecules like proteins and RNA. Plasmodesmata also play a crucial role in plant development and signaling.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Plasmodesma
- Wikipedia's article - Plasmodesma
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