Phenyl

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Phenyl

Phenyl (pronounced: /ˈfɛnɪl/) is a hydrocarbon molecule that is derived from benzene, by removal of a hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule.

Etymology

The term "phenyl" originated from the French word "phène", which was derived from the Greek word "phainein" meaning "to show". It was first used in the early 19th century by French chemist Auguste Laurent to name a series of hydrocarbon derivatives.

Definition

A phenyl group or phenyl ring is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5. Phenyl groups are closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. Phenyl groups have six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent.

Related Terms

  • Benzene: An organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each.
  • Hydrocarbon: Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
  • Functional Group: A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.
  • Substituent: An atom or group of atoms which replaces hydrogen in a molecule.

Usage

Phenyl is used in organic chemistry as a substituent or functional group attached to a molecule to enable it to undergo certain reactions. It is also used in the production of polymers, drugs, and resins.

See Also

  • Phenol: A volatile white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, used in chemical manufacture and medicinal drugs.
  • Phenylalanine: An essential amino acid, C9H11NO2, that occurs in proteins.

External links

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