Periodic limb movement disorder
Periodic limb movement disorder
Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), also known as Sleep-related leg cramps or Nocturnal myoclonus, is a sleep disorder where the patient moves limbs involuntarily during sleep, and has symptoms or problems related to the movement.
Pronunciation
- /pɪˈriːədɪk lɪm muːvmənt dɪsˈɔːdər/
Etymology
The term "Periodic limb movement disorder" is derived from the characteristics of the condition itself. "Periodic" refers to the recurring nature of the symptoms, "limb movement" describes the physical manifestation of the disorder, and "disorder" indicates a medical condition that disrupts normal body functions.
Symptoms
Symptoms of PLMD include repetitive limb movements that occur every 20 to 40 seconds during sleep, often in the lower limbs. These movements can cause partial awakenings that disrupt sleep. Other symptoms may include daytime sleepiness, difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, and restless sleep.
Causes
The exact cause of PLMD is unknown, but it is often associated with other medical and mental health conditions, such as restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea. Certain medications and substances, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and caffeine, can also trigger symptoms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of PLMD typically involves a physical examination, a review of the patient's medical history, and a sleep study. The sleep study, or polysomnography, can help identify the limb movements and any associated arousals or awakenings.
Treatment
Treatment for PLMD often involves managing any underlying conditions and improving sleep hygiene. Medications, such as dopamine agonists, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsants, may also be used to help reduce symptoms.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Periodic limb movement disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Periodic limb movement disorder
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