Perineural invasion

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Perineural Invasion

Perineural invasion (PNI) (/ˌpɛrɪˈnʊərəl ɪnˈveɪʒən/), is a medical term that refers to the process where cancer cells invade the nerves. This phenomenon is often associated with various types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer.

Etymology

The term "Perineural invasion" is derived from the Greek words "peri" meaning around, "neuron" meaning nerve, and the Latin word "invasio" meaning an attack. Thus, it literally translates to "an attack around the nerve".

Definition

Perineural invasion is a pathological process where malignant cells invade the space surrounding a nerve. This can lead to pain, numbness, and other neurological symptoms. It is a significant prognostic factor in many types of cancer and can influence treatment decisions.

Related Terms

  • Neoplasm: An abnormal growth of tissue, which can be benign or malignant. Perineural invasion is often associated with malignant neoplasms.
  • Neurotropic: Referring to substances or cells that have an affinity for or effect on nerve tissue. Some cancers are neurotropic and can lead to perineural invasion.
  • Nerve sheath: The protective covering of a nerve. Perineural invasion involves the invasion of cancer cells into this sheath.
  • Adenocarcinoma: A type of cancer that starts in the glands that line the inside of one of your body's organs. Adenocarcinomas can often exhibit perineural invasion.

See Also

External links

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