Optical illusion
Optical Illusion
Optical illusion (pronunciation: /ɒptɪkəl ɪˈluːʒən/) is a phenomenon where the visual perception of an object or scene appears different from its physical reality. The term is derived from the Latin words 'opticus' meaning 'of sight' and 'illusio' meaning 'deception'.
Description
An optical illusion is an experience of seeming to see something that does not exist or that is other than it appears. This can be due to the individual's own visual system or external factors such as the lighting or angle of viewing. Optical illusions can be categorized into three main types: literal illusions, physiological illusions, and cognitive illusions.
Types of Optical Illusions
- Literal illusions create images that are different from the objects that make them. This type is often used in camouflage and art.
- Physiological illusions are the effects on the eyes or brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type - brightness, color, size, position, tilt, movement, etc. Examples include afterimages, moire patterns, and color constancy.
- Cognitive illusions are assumed to arise by interaction with assumptions about the world, leading to "unconscious inferences". Examples include Ponzo illusion, Hering illusion, and Müller-Lyer illusion.
Related Terms
- Perception: The process of recognizing, organizing, and interpreting sensory information.
- Visual system: The sensory system for vision, including the eye and brain structures that process visual information.
- Camouflage: A method used by animals and military personnel to blend in with their surroundings.
- Art: A diverse range of human activities involving the creation of visual, auditory, or performance artifacts.
- Afterimage: An image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image.
- Color constancy: The perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions.
- Ponzo illusion: An optical illusion that involves the brain's perception of the size of an object based on its perceived distance.
- Hering illusion: An optical illusion that creates a false perception of straight lines.
- Müller-Lyer illusion: An optical illusion consisting of a stylized arrow that creates the illusion of different line lengths.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Optical illusion
- Wikipedia's article - Optical illusion
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