Opsonin

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Opsonin

Opsonin (/ɒpˈsoʊnɪn/) is a term used in immunology to refer to any molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen for an immune response. The word "opsonin" comes from the Greek "ὀψώνιον" (opsōnion), meaning "condiment" or "sauce," which metaphorically describes the role of opsonins in 'making antigens more palatable' to phagocytes.

Function

Opsonins work by binding to both the antigen and the phagocyte, thereby enhancing the phagocyte's ability to adhere to, engulf, and destroy the antigen. There are several types of opsonins, including antibodies, complement proteins, and certain products of the coagulation system.

Types of Opsonins

  • Antibodies: These are proteins produced by B cells in response to an antigen. They can act as opsonins by binding to antigens and enhancing their uptake by phagocytes.
  • Complement proteins: These are proteins that are part of the complement system, a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism.
  • Coagulation factors: Certain products of the coagulation system can also act as opsonins. For example, fibrinogen and thrombin can bind to bacteria, enhancing their uptake by phagocytes.

Related Terms

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