Nucleoprotein
Nucleoprotein
Nucleoprotein (pronounced: noo-klee-oh-PRO-teen) is a complex organic substance that is present in living cells, especially in the nucleus, and is involved in the synthesis and functions of the cell's genetic material.
Etymology
The term "nucleoprotein" is derived from the Latin nucleus meaning "kernel" and the Greek proteios meaning "primary" or "in the lead".
Definition
A nucleoprotein is a type of protein that is structurally associated with nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA. These proteins play crucial roles in various biological activities, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Structure
Nucleoproteins are composed of basic proteins and nucleic acids. The protein component is usually rich in basic amino acids like arginine and lysine, which facilitate the binding with the negatively charged nucleic acid.
Function
Nucleoproteins play a vital role in the storage and expression of genetic information. They are involved in the formation of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information of an organism. They also play a role in the process of protein synthesis, where they help in the formation of ribosomes, the cellular machinery that translates genetic information into proteins.
Related Terms
- Chromatin: The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
- Histones: Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.
- Nucleosome: A structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nucleoprotein
- Wikipedia's article - Nucleoprotein
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