Northern blot

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Northern blot

The Northern blot (/ˈnɔːrðən blɒt/), also known as RNA blotting, is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample.

Etymology

The Northern blot technique was developed by James Alwine, David Kemp, and George Stark at Stanford University in 1977. It was named after the Southern blot, a method for DNA detection developed by Edwin Southern. The names are a play on the surname "Southern", with "Northern" and "Western" (a method for protein detection) following as a geographical sequence.

Method

The Northern blot method involves the separation of RNA samples by gel electrophoresis, transfer of the RNA from the gel to a membrane (blotting), and the subsequent probing of the membrane with a labeled complementary DNA or RNA to detect specific RNA species.

Related Terms

  • Southern blot: A method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.
  • Western blot: A widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
  • Eastern blot: A method used to detect post-translational modifications of proteins.
  • Dot blot: A technique in molecular biology used to detect proteins.
  • RNA: A polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.
  • DNA: A molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
  • Gel electrophoresis: A method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.

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