Non-coding DNA
Non-coding DNA
Non-coding DNA (pronunciation: /nɒn 'koʊdɪŋ diːeɪ/), also known as junk DNA, refers to sequences of DNA that do not encode protein sequences.
Etymology
The term "non-coding DNA" was coined in the late 20th century as a result of the discovery that a large portion of an organism's total genome does not code for protein sequences. The term "junk DNA" was proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1972, reflecting the then-prevailing view that this portion of the genome was useless.
Definition
Non-coding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (including transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNA), while other sequences serve as structural components of chromosomes or play roles in the regulation of gene expression.
Related Terms
- Introns: Non-coding sections of a gene that are removed during the process of transcription.
- Pseudogenes: Sequences of DNA that resemble functional genes but are generally thought to have no purpose.
- Regulatory sequence: A segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially.
- Telomeres: Regions of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome, which protect the end of the chromosome from deterioration.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Non-coding DNA
- Wikipedia's article - Non-coding DNA
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