Neurological disorder

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Neurological disorder

A Neurological disorder (pronunciation: /nʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl dɪsˈɔːdər/) is a type of disease that affects the nervous system. The term originates from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "logia" meaning study of, combined with the Latin "dis" meaning apart and "ordo" meaning order.

Neurological disorders can affect an entire neurological pathway or a single neuron, leading to a wide variety of symptoms. They can be categorized into two types: neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, involve the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons. Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression, are mental disorders that are primarily attributed to diseases of the nervous system.

The causes of neurological disorders are diverse and can include genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities, environmental health problems including malnutrition, and brain injury, spinal cord injury, nerve injury and gliomas.

The diagnosis of neurological disorders involves a number of techniques including a neurological examination, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological testing. Treatment can involve medication, physiotherapy, surgical interventions and psychiatric counselling.

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